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10th Semester Finals > Epi topic starters > Flashcards

Epi topic starters Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Foetopathy of swine caused by parvoviruses (SMEDI).
A
  • Porcine parvovirus-1 (PPV-1)1
  • Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2)2

1Protoparvovirus spp.; 2Circovirus spp.

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2
Q
  1. Canine enteritis caused by parvoviruses.
A
  • Canine parvovirus-1 (CPV-1)
  • Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2)

​Protoparvovirus spp.

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3
Q
  1. Feline panleukopaenia.
A
  • Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV)
  • Canine parvovirus-2a (CPV-2a)

Protoparvovirus spp.

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4
Q
  1. Parvovirus diseases of the mink.
A
  • Mink viral enteritis → Mink enteritis virus (MEV)1
  • Aleutian mink disease → Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV)2

1Protoparvovirus spp.; 2Amdoparvovirus spp.

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5
Q

9. Derzsy’s Disease of Geese, Parvoviral Disease of Ducks

A
  • Derzsy’s disease → Goose parvovirus
  • Duck parvovirus → Parvoviral enteritis of ducks
    • Short beak and dwarfism syndrome

Dependoparvovirus spp.

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6
Q
  1. Circoviral disease of swine (PMWS, PDNS).
A
  • Porcine circovirus (PCV) 2 →
    • Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)*
    • Porcine dermatitis & nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
  • Porcine circovirus (PCV) 3 → Reproductive failure

  • *The name is now changed to PCV2-SD (“systemic disease”)*
  • Circovirus spp.*
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7
Q
  1. Avian diseases caused by circoviruses, chicken infectious anaemia.
A
  • Psittacine beak & feather disease virus (PBFDV)
  • Pigeon circovirus (CoCV)
  • Goose circovirus (GCV)
  • Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV)

Circovirus spp.

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8
Q
  1. Papillomatoses.
A
  • Bovine papillomavirus (BPaV) 1-61, 2
  • Equine papillomavirus (EPaV) 1 & 3
  • Canine papillomavirus (CPaV)3, 4
  • Feline papillomavirus (FPaV)3

1Deltapapillomavirus spp.; 2Epsilonpapillomavirus spp.; 3Lambdapapillomavirus spp.; 4Taupapillomavirus spp.

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9
Q
  1. Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese.
A
  • Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV)/

​Gammapolyomavirus spp.

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10
Q
  1. Pneumoenteritis of ruminants caused by adenoviruses.
A
  • Calves:
    • Bovine mastadenovirus A, B C1
    • Bovine atadenovirus D, E, F2
    • Ovine mastadenovirus A1
  • Lambs:
    • Ovine mastadenovirus A, B, C1
    • Ovine atadenovirus D2

1Mastadenovirus spp.; 2Atadenovirus spp.

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11
Q
  1. Canine infectious hepatitis and infectious laryngotracheitis.
A
  • Canine infectious hepatitis* → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 1
  • Fox encephalitis → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 1
  • Canine infectious laryngotracheitis → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 2

  • *AKA Rubarth’s disease*
  • Mastadenovirus spp.*
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12
Q
  1. Adenoviral diseases in poultry.
A
  • Chicken inclusion body hepatitis → Fowl adenovirus 1, 7 & 81
  • Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in geese → Fowl adenovirus 41
  • Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis → Haemorrhagic enteritis virus2
  • Egg-drop syndrome in duck & goose → Duck atadenovirus A3

1Aviadenovirus spp.; 2Siadenovirus spp.; 3Atadenovirus

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13
Q
  1. Characteristics of herpesviruses, groups, epidemiological features.
A
  • α-herpesvirinae subfamily → Aujeszky’s, Marek’s, turkey herpes
  • β-herpesvirinae subfamily → Inclusion body rhinitis
  • γ-herpesvirinae subfamily → Malignant catarrhal fever
  • α: Neuron
  • β: Gland & lymphoid
  • γ: Lymphoid cell latency
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14
Q

18. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

A
  • Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 1 & 5
    • Encephalitis
    • Abortion
    • ​Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)
    • Infectious pustular balanoposthitis (IPB)

Varicellovirus spp.

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15
Q
  1. Bovine herpesmamillitis, inclusion body rhinitis of swine.
A
  • Bovine herpesmamillitis → ​Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 21
  • Inclusion body rhinitis → Suid herpesvirus (SuHV) 22

1Simplexvirus spp.; 2Roseolovirus spp.

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16
Q
  1. Malignant catarrhal fever.
A
  • Ovine herpesvirus (OHV) 2
  • Alcelaphine herpesvirus (AlHV) 1

Macavirus spp.

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17
Q

22. Aujeszky’s disease

A
  • Suid herpesvirus (SuHV) 1

Varicellovirus spp.

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18
Q

24. Diseases of horses caused by EHV-1 and EHV-4 viruses.

A
  • Equine rhinopneumonitis/Epizootic abortion
    • EHV-1 is notifiable

Varicellovirus spp.

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19
Q
  1. Diseases caused by EHV-2, EHV-3 and EHV-5 viruses in horses.
A
  • Equine herpes infection
    • Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 21
    • Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 51
  • Coital exanthema of horse
    • Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 32

1Percavirus spp.; 2Varicellovirus spp.

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20
Q
  1. Canine herpesviral disease.
A
  • Canid herpesvirus (CHV) 1

Varicellovirus spp.

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21
Q
  1. Feline infectious rhinotracheitis.
A
  • Felid herpesvirus (FeHV) 1

Varicellovirus spp.

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22
Q
  1. Infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken.
A
  • Galine herpesvirus (GaHV) 1
    • Mild form (low virulence)
    • Typical form (Virulent)

Iltovirus spp.

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23
Q

29. Marek’s disease.

A
  • Galine herpesvirus (GaHV) 2 & 3
    • Acute visceral form: > 6 weeks old (common)
    • Neurological form: > 6 months old (rare)

Mardivirus spp.

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24
Q
  1. Duck plague, herpesviral disease of pigeons.
A
  • Duck plague (duck viral enteritis) [N] → Anatid herpesvirus (AnHV) 1
  • Pigeon herpes → Columbid herpesvirus (CoHV) 1

Mardivirus spp.

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25
Q

31. Bovine diseases caused by poxviruses.

A
  • Cowpox → Cowpox virus (CPXV)[Z]1
  • Pseudocowpox → Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) [Z]2
  • Lumpy skin disease → Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) [N]3

1Orthopoxvirus spp.; 2Parapox spp.; 3Capripox spp.

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26
Q
  1. Contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and goat. Swine pox.
A
  • Contagious pustular dermatitis [Z] → Orf virus (ORFV)1
  • Swine pox → Swinepox virus (SWPV)2

1Parapoxvirus spp.; 2Suipoxvirus spp.

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27
Q

33. Sheep and goat pox.

A
  • Sheep pox [N] → Sheeppox virus (SPV)
  • Goat pox [N] → Goatpox virus (GTPV)

Capripoxvirus spp.

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28
Q
  1. Myxomatosis.
A
  • Myxoma virus (MYXV)[N]
    • Virulent strain → Typical, classical, nodular form
    • Attenuated strain → Nodular form
    • Attenuated strain → Atypical, amyxomatous form

Leporipoxvirus spp.

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29
Q
  1. Fowl pox.
A
  • Fowlpox virus (FWPV) [Z]
    • Homologous strain (2 x viraemias)
    • Heterologous strain (asymptomatic)
  1. Cutaneous form
  2. Diphtheric (wet) form
  3. Mixed form
  4. Acute haemorrhagic (septicaemic) form

Avipoxvirus spp.

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30
Q

36. African swine fever.

A
  • African swine fever virus (ASFV) [N]
    • Highly virulent variant (peracute/acute)
    • Moderately virulent variant (subacute)
    • Mildly virulent variant (chronic)

Asfivirus spp.

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31
Q

37. Teschovirus encephalomyelitis.

A
  • Porcine teschovirus (PTV)(serotype 1)[N in Hungary]
    • Teschen: All age groups
    • Talfan: < 4 mo.

Teschovirus spp.

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32
Q

38. Swine vesicular disease and vesicular exanthema of swine.

A
  • Swine vesicular disease [N in Hungary][Z] →SVDV1 & 2
  • Vesicular exanthema of swine → VESV3

1Enterovirus spp.; 2Senecavirus spp.; 3Vesivirus spp.

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33
Q
  1. Avian encephalomyelitis.
A
  • Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV)

  • AKA “Epidemic tremor”*
  • Tremovirus spp.*
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34
Q
  1. Duck viral hepatitises.
A
  • Duck hepatitis virus (DHV) A [N]1
    • Genotype 1: Highly pathogenic
    • Genotype 2 & 3: Less pathogenic
  • Duck hepatitis virus B (DHVB) [N]2
  • Duck astrovirus (DAstV) 23

1Avihepatovirus spp.; 2Avihepadnavirus spp.; 3Avastrovirus spp.

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35
Q
  1. Encephalomyocarditis.
A
  • Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) [Z]

Cardiovirus spp.

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36
Q

42. Foot and mouth disease

A
  • Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) [N][Z]
    • O & A Serotype (Worldwide)
    • 7 serotypes in total

Aphthovirus spp.

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37
Q
  1. Feline calicivirus infections.
A
  • Feline calicivirus (FCV)
    • Virulent systemic strains (VS-FCV)
    • “Limping syndrome” strains

  • May lead to feline respiratory disease complex*
  • Vesivirus spp.*
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38
Q

45. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, European brown hare syndrome.

A
  • Rabbit haemorrhagic disease [N] → RHDV 1 & 2
  • European brown hare syndrome [N] → EBHSV

Lagovirus spp.

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39
Q
  1. Diseases of farm animals caused by hepatitis E virus.
A
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 3 [Z] - Pig, rabbit, human
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 4 [Z] - Pig & human
  • Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV)
    • Chicken big liver and spleen disease

Orthohepevirus spp.

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40
Q
  1. Diseases caused by astroviruses.
A
  • Turkey astrovirus disease → Turkey astrovirus (TAstV)
  • Avian nephritis → Avian nephritis virus (ANV) 1 & 2
  • Duck viral hepatitis → Duck astrovirus (DAstV) 2

Avastrovirus spp.

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41
Q

48. Equine encephalomyelitis caused by togaviruses (Zoon.).

A
  • Equine encephalomyelitis [N][Z]
    • Eastern equine encephalitis → EEEV
    • Western equine encephalitis → WEEV
    • Venezuelan equine encephalitis → VEEV
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Ross river fever virus

Alphavirus spp.

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42
Q
  1. Equine infectious arteritis.
A
  • Equine arteritis virus (EAV) [N]

Alphaarterivirus spp.

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43
Q

50. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

A
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
    • European strains
    • USA strains
    • Highly pathogenic strains: America, China, European Lena
  • Clinical signs are in two phases for all ages

Betaarterivirus spp.

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44
Q
  1. Louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis (Zoon.).
A
  • Louping ill → LIV [Z]
  • Tick-borne encephalitis → TBEV [Z]

Flavivirus spp.

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45
Q

52. West Nile fever, disease caused by Usutu virus and other mosquito-borne flaviviral diseases.

A
  • West Nile virus (WNV) → West Nile fever [N][Z]
  • Usutu virus (USUV) → Usutu
  • Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) → Japanese encephalitis [Z]
  • Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) → Wesselsbron disease [Z]
  • Zika virus [ZIKV] → Zika virus infection [Z]

  • ​WNV, JEV & USUV are all part of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex (these viruses have cross reactions together)*
  • Flavivirus spp.*
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46
Q

53. Bovine viral diarrhoea.

A
  • Pestivirus A (BVDV-1) → CP/NCP strain
  • Pestivirus B (BVDV-2) → CP/NCP strain

Pestivirus spp.

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47
Q
  1. Border disease of sheep.
A
  • Pestivirus D (Border disease virus)

Pestivirus spp.

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48
Q

55. Classical swine fever

A
  • Pesivirus C (Classical swine fever virus) [N]
    • Wild-type strain (typical or atypical form)
    • Low virulence strain (foetopathogenic only)
    • Vaccine strain

Pestivirus spp.

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49
Q

57. Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.

A
  • Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)
    • Epizootic (winter; high mortality)
    • Enzootic (slow progression; low mortality)

Alphacoronavirus spp.

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50
Q
  1. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea, haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis of pigs.
A
  • Porcine epidemic diarrhoea → PEDV 1 & 21
  • Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis → PHEV2
    • Vomiting & wasting disease form (< 3 days old) (GI)
    • Ontario disease form (< 3 weeks old) (GI + CNS)

1Alphacoronavirus spp.; 2**Betacoronavirus spp.

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51
Q
  1. Coronaviral diarrhoea of cattle and dogs.
A
  • Bovine coronavirus (BCoV)1
    • Calf diarrhoea form ( < 3w.)
    • Respiratory form (2-6 mo.)
    • Winter dysentery form (Adult; dairy; post-part.; winter!)
  • Canine coronavirus (CCoV)2
    • Canine enteric coronavirus
    • Canine respiratory coronavirus (KC)
    • Canine pantropic coronavirus

1Betacoronavirus 1 spp.; 2Alphacoronavirus 1 spp.

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52
Q
  1. Diseases of cats caused by coronaviruses.
A
  • Feline enteric coronavirus (young) → FECoV
  • Feline infectious peritonitis (all ages) → FIPV
    • Acute/wet (Type-3 hypers.)
    • Chronic/dry (Type-4 hypers.)

Alphacoronavirus 1 spp.

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53
Q
  1. Infectious bronchitis of chicken, coronaviral enteritis of turkey.
A
  • Infectious bronchitis of chicken → IBV
    • USA strain
    • Nephropathogenic strain
  • Coronaviral enteritis of turkey → TCoV

Gammacoronavirus spp.

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54
Q
  1. Diseases of farm animals caused by orthoreoviruses and rotaviruses.
A
  • Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV)1 [Z]
  • Rotavirus A, B, C2 [Z]
  • Rotavirus D - J2 (birds/swine/bats/cats)

1Orthoreovirus spp.; 2Rotavirus spp.

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55
Q
  1. Reoviral diseases of poultry.
A
  • Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) (trypsin resistant/sensitive strains)
    • Tenosynovitis/arthritis (4-8 week old)
    • Generalised form
    • Runting-stunting syndrome; poult enteritis & mortality
    • Helicopter disease

Orthoreovirus spp.

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56
Q

64. Bluetongue.

A
  • Bluetongue virus (BTV) [N]​
    • 29 serotypes

Orbivirus spp.

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57
Q
  1. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease.
A
  • Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) [N]

  • Similar to bluetongue (but also transmitted by mosquito)*
  • Orbivirus spp.*
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58
Q

66. African horse sickness, equine encephalosis.

A
  • African horse sickness [N] → AHSV
    • Pulmonary form (peracute)
    • Cardiac, oedematic form (subacute)
    • Mixed form
    • Febrile form (chronic) (donkey & zebra)
  • Equine encephalosis → EEV

Orbivirus spp.

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59
Q

67. Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro-disease).

A
  • Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) [N]
    • Classical virulence strains
    • Very virulent strains
    • Attenuated vaccine strains

Avibirnavirus spp.

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60
Q

68. Characteristics of influenza viruses, epidemiology of influenza (Zoon.).

A
  • Influenza virus A [Z]
    • Human influenza (but also influenza B)
    • Swine influenza
    • Equine influenza
    • Avian influenza: LPAI / HPAI

  • HA (haemagglutinin) determines the host spectrum; both HA & NA (neuraminidase) determine the serotype*
  • Alphainfluenzavirus spp.*
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61
Q
  1. Swine influenza.
A
  • Influenza virus A [Z]
    • Subtype H1N1
    • Subtype H3N2

Alphainfluenzavirus spp.

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62
Q
  1. Equine influenza.
A
  • Influenza virus A [Z]
    • Subtype H3N8
    • Subtype H7N7

Alphainfluenzavirus spp.

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63
Q

71. Avian influenza.

A
  • Influenza virus A [N][Z]
    • ​Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI)
    • High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI)
    • Subtype H5N1

Alphainfluenzavirus spp.

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64
Q

72. Rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants.

A
  • Rinderpest [N] → RPV
    • Peracute (newborns)
    • Acute (classical) form
    • Subacute (endemic) form
  • Peste des petits ruminants [N] → PDPRV
    • Peracute form
    • Acute form
    • Subacute form

Morbillivirus spp.

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65
Q
  1. Canine distemper.
A
  • Canine distemper virus (CDV)

Morbillivirus spp.

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66
Q
  1. Diseases caused by Henipa viruses.
A
  • Hendra virus (HeV) [Z] (horse*, human)
  • Nipah virus (NiV) [Z] (swine*, dog, cat, human)

  • *Source of human infection*
  • Henipavirus spp.*
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67
Q
  1. Diseases caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus.
A
  • Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)1
  • Bovine parainfluenza virus (BPIV)2

1Pneumovirus spp.; 2Respirovirus spp.

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68
Q

76. Newcastle disease

A
  • Avian paramyxovirus (APMV) 1
    • Velogenic strain (100% mortality if unvaccinated)
    • Mesogenic strain (<10% mortality)
    • Lentogenic strain (no mortality)
    • Apathogenic (no mortality)

Avulavirus spp.

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69
Q
  1. Avian metapneumovirus infections.
A
  • Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) A, B, C*, D
    • Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT)
    • Avian rhinotracheitis (ART) (which may include SHS)
    • Duck rhinotracheitis
    • Swollen head syndrome (SHS)

  • *Difficult to vaccinate against*
  • Metapneumovirus spp.*
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70
Q
  1. Diseases caused by Orthobunyaviruses (Zoon.).
A
  • Akabane disease → AKAV
  • Schmallenberg disease → SBV
  • Aino disease [Z] → Aino virus (AINOV)

Orthobunyavirus spp.

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71
Q

80. Rift Valley fever and Nairobi sheep disease.

A
  • Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) [N][Z]1
  • Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDv) [Z]2

1Phlebovirus spp.; 2Orthonairovirus spp.

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72
Q

81. Vesicular stomatitis, ephemeral fever.

A
  • Vesicular stomatitis → Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) [Z]1
    • Indiana strain
    • New Jersey strain
  • Ephemeral fever → Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)2

1Vesiculovirus spp.; 2Ephemerovirus spp. (Both Rhabdoviridae)

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73
Q

82. Rabies

A
  • Rabies virus (RV)[N][Z]
    • Urban form
    • Sylvatic form
    • Bat form
      • EBLV (Europe) or ABLV (Australia)
      • Vampire bat rabies (Mexico/Argentina)

  • May appear as furious or silent rabies; presence of Negri bodies in cells*
  • Lyssavirus spp.*
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74
Q
  1. Borna disease, avian diseases caused by bornaviruses.
A
  • Borna disease virus (BoDV) 1 & 2
  • Avian bornavirus (ABV) → Proventricular dilation disease (PDD)

Orthobornavirus spp.

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75
Q
  1. General characteristics and grouping of retroviruses.
A
  • α-retrovirus → “Avian” (birds) - Avian leukosis-sarcoma virus
  • β-retrovirus → “BAAH” (sheep) - OPA (Ov. pulm. adenomatosis)
  • γ-retrovirus → “Gato” (cat) (Feline leukosis / Feline sarcoma)
  • δ-retrovirus → “Dairy” (cattle) (Enzootic bovine leukosis)
  • Lentivirus → Maedi-vis.; Eq. infectious anaemia; Cap. arthritis encephalitis; FIV; BIV; HIV

Enzymes: Reverse transcriptase; integrase; protease

Surface proteins: Glycoprotein; transmembrane protein

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76
Q

86. Enzootic bovine leukosis.

A
  • Bovine leukosis virus (BLV)
    • Sporadic form (calf, non-infectious)
    • Enzootic form (infectious)

Deltaretrovirus spp.

<em>Incubation phase → Pre-tumour phase → Tumour phase</em>

<em>​Seen in Friesian cattle from the Baltic area</em>

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77
Q
  1. Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis.
A
  • Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus (OPAV)

​Betaretrovirus spp.

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78
Q
  1. Feline leucosis and acquired immune deficiency of cats.
A
  • Feline leukosis virus (FeLV) A, B, C & T1
  • Feline AIDS → Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)2
  • Viraemic phase → Asymptomatic → Persistent viraemia phase (chronic)*
  • 1Gammaretrovirus spp.; 2Lentivirus spp.*
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79
Q
  1. Avian leucosis and reticuloendotheliosis.
A
  • Leucosis-sarcomatosis virus1 complex
    • ​Lymphoid leukosis form (most common)
    • Erythroblastosis form
    • Myeloblastosis form
    • J-subtype (highly virulent)
  • Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) A & T2
    • ​Acute tumour form
    • Chronic tumour form
    • Stunted growth form

1Alpharetrovirus spp. 2Gammaretrovirus spp.

80
Q
  1. Maedi-visna.
A
  • Maedi-Visna virus (MV)
    • ​Maedi (more frequent; 3-4 year-olds)
    • Visna (less frequent; >2 year-olds)

Lentivirus spp.

81
Q
  1. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis.
A
  • Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)
    • Arthritis (more freq., > 1 year old)
    • Encephalitis (less freq., 2-4 mo. old)

Lentivirus spp.

82
Q

92. Equine infectious anaemia.

A
  • Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) [N]
    • ​Coggins test is used only for this virus

Lentivirus spp.

83
Q

94. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, feline spongiform encephalopathy (Zoon)

A
  • BSE
    • Classical BSE prion
    • Atypical BSE prion (spontaneous, rare)
  • FSE
    • Cats between 2-5 years
    • Big cats in zoos
84
Q

93. Infectious encephalopathies, scrapie, encephalopathy of minks.

A
  • PrP Prion (proteinaceous infectious particle) [N][Z]
  • Scrapie
    • Typical
    • Atypical (not present in lymphatic tissues)
85
Q

95. Anthrax (aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, post mortem lesions in different host species).

A
  • Bacillus anthracis
    • Virulence factors: Capsule; cell wall; oedema factor; lethal factor
    • Ascoli test: Only used to diagnose anthrax
    • Vaccine is known as the “Sterne-strain”
  • Human forms: ​Cutaneous; pulmonary; gastrointestinal; sepsis
86
Q
  1. General characteristics of diseases caused by clostridia, grouping of the diseases.
A
  1. Enteral diseases: Cl. perfringens A → D (Toxins: α, β, ε & ι)
  2. Intoxications: Tetanus & botulism
  3. Gas gangrene (histotoxic): Blackleg, bradsot, Köves disease

“Clostridia Enter In Gangs”

87
Q
  1. Malignant oedema.
A
  • C. septicum (carbohydrate fermentation & gas production)
  • C. novyi A & B (lipase)
  • C. histiolyticum (protease)
88
Q
  1. Blackleg.
A
  • Clostridium chauvoei
    • ​Carbohydrate fermentation
89
Q
  1. Bradsot of sheep and Köves-disease of swine.
A
  • Clostridium septicum →
    • Bradsot (braxy)
    • Köves disease of swine
90
Q
  1. Infectious necrotic hepatitis, bacillary haemoglobinuria caused by Clostridium haemolyticum.
A
  • Cl. novyi B → Inf. necrotic hepatitis (black disease)​
    • Normally sheep 1-4 years old
    • Predisposition: Liver flukes
  • Cl. haemolyticum → Bac. haemoglobinuria (red water disease)
    • β-toxin: Phospholipase C
91
Q
  1. Lamb dysentery and struck.
A
  • Cl. perfringens B → Lamb dysentery
    • β-toxin: Trypsin-sensitive; ↑ blood vessel permeability
  • Cl. perfringens C → Struck
    • β-toxin
      • ​Gut epithelium necrosis
      • Blood vessel damage
      • Enterotoxaemia
92
Q
  1. Necrotic enteritis of piglets.
A
  • Cl. perfringens C
    • ​α toxins
    • β toxins
93
Q
  1. Enterotoxaemia of sheep and goats.
A
  • Cl. perfringens D/ “Pulpy kidney disease”
    • α toxins
    • ε toxins (activated by trypsin)
    • Lambs & kids 6 - 12 months old
  • Cl. difficile
    • ​α toxins (tissue damage)
    • β toxins (necrosis)
94
Q
  1. Necrotic enteritis and ulcerative enteritis of chicken.
A
  • Cl. perfringens A & C → Necrotic enteritis
    • Toxins: α, β, ι (iota)
  • Cl. colinum → Ulcerative enteritis

Seen in younger birds

95
Q
  1. Tyzzer disease and gangrenous dermatitis of poultry.
A
  • Tyzzer’s disease → Cl. piliforme
    • Intracellular; spore-forming
    • ​Dog, cat, foal, rabbit
    • Giemsa; silver impregnation
  • Gangrenous dermatitis
    • Cl. septicum
    • Cl. perfringens A
    • Staph. aureus
96
Q
  1. Tetanus.
A
  • Cl. tetani
    • ​General form (descendent) Spasms begin on head
    • Local form (ascendent) Spasms begin at wound
97
Q
  1. Botulism.
A
  • Cl. botulinum
    • ​A, B, E, F: Humans
    • C & D: Animals
    • Toxins activated by trypsin

The bacterium isn’t involved in pathogenesis → ONLY TOXIN

98
Q
  1. Streptococcosis of swine.
A
  • Pyogenic Streptococcus spp.
    • ​S. suis: Capsule; haemolysin; surface proteins (VFs)
    • S. porcinus: LN abscessation (growers & fatteners)
    • S. dysgalactiae
  • Asymptomatic form
  • Local purulent lesions form
  • Septicaemia form
99
Q
  1. Strangles.
A
  • Steptococcus equi subsp. equi
    • ​Factors: Capsule; EC enzymes; pyrogens; M protein
    • Foals 6 -24 mo.
  • Sometimes subsp. zooepidemicus (mild form)
100
Q
  1. Diseases of farm animals caused by staphylococci (rabbit, swine, poultry).
A
  • Morel’s disease → S. aureus subsp. anaerobius1
  • Rabbit pneumonia → S. aureus subsp. aureus1
  • Exudative dermatitis of pigs → S. hycius2, 3
  • Poultry staphylococcosis (SAD) → S. aureus & S. intermedius1
    • Septicaemia form: Omphalitis & embryonic death
    • Arthritis form
    • Dermatitis form

​Virulence factors: 1Coagulase; 2exfoliative toxin; 3hyaluronidase haemolysins; leukocidins; enterotoxin

101
Q
  1. Erysipelas (Zoon.).
A
  • Erysipelathrix rhusiopathiae
    • Acute septicaemia
    • Subacute septicaemia: Diamond skin disease
    • Chronic

Virulence factors: Capsule; neuraminidase; hyaluronidase; coagulase

102
Q
  1. Listeriosis (Zoon.).
A
  • Lysteria monocytogenes [Z]
  • Lysteria ivanovii [Z]

Virulence factors: Phospholipase; haemolysin; lipoids

103
Q
  1. Diseases of farm animals caused by corynebacteria.
A
  • Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis1, 2, 3**​
    • Caseous lymphadenitis of sheep & goat
    • Ulcerative lymphangitis of horse
    • Oedematous skin disease of buffalo
  • Bovine pyelonephritis
    • Corynebacterum renale
    • Corynebacterium pilosum
    • Corynebacterium cystitidis

Virulence factors: 1Toxin (phospholipase D); 2mycolic acid; 3lipids

104
Q

115. Bovine tuberculosis (aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, zoon.).

A
  • Mycobacterium bovis
  • Mycobacterium caprae
  • (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  1. Primary focus
  2. Early generalisation
  3. Post-primary phase
  4. Exhaust phase
  • Antigens: Lipoproteins glycolipids*
  • ZN+; Acid & alcohol fast*
105
Q

116. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, praeallergy, anergy, parallergy and their diagnosis in practice. Risk of reinfection (Zoon).

A
  • Allergic test: Tuberculin test (Type 4 hypersensitivity)
  • Cellular immune response: γ-interferon test; Lymphocyte proliferation test
  • Humoral immune response: ELISA for antibodies
  • Praeallergy: Ø Reaction - Old isolated infection
  • Anergy: Form of tolerance where there is Ø reaction
  • Parallergy: Reaction because of a different Mycobacerium spp.
  • Reinfection: Can happen sporadically
106
Q

117. Mycobacterium diseases of pigs (Zoon.).

A
  • Mycobacterium bovis
  • Mycobacterium c**aprae
107
Q
  1. Fowl tuberculosis.
A
  • M. avium subsp. avium
  • M. avium subsp. silvaticum → Wild birds
  • M. tuberculosis → Caged birds
108
Q

119. Paratuberculosis.

A
  • M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis “​​Johne’s disease”
    • ​​Obligate pathogen
    • Requires mycobactin to grow (cell wall extract of other mycobacteria)
    • Infection at 0-6 months old → CSx appear at 2-5 years
    • 2 phases:
      • Tuberculoid (Ø CSx)
      • Lepromatous (CSx present)
109
Q
  1. Actinomycoses, nocardioses.
A
  • Actinomyces bovis1 →
    • Lumpy jaw (bo.)
    • Udder actinomycosis (su.)
  • Actinobaculum suis → Sow pyelonephritis
  • Actinomyces hordeovulneris2 → Canine actinomycosis
  • Actinomyces israelii1 → Ho
  • Nocardia asteroides
    • ​Ca.: Thoracic, cutaneous or disseminated form
    • Bo.: Granuloma of lymph vessels & nodes (thickens)

1Obligate anaerobic; 2Facultative anaerobic

110
Q
  1. Diseases caused by Rhodococcus equi and dermatophilosis.
A
  • Purulent bronchopneumonia → Rhodococcus equi
    • 1-4 months old
    • 10% morb., 80% mort.
  • Dermatophilosis → Dermatophilus congolensis
    • Zoospores (can survive 3 years in scabs)
    • 1 month incubation
    • 15% mortality in calf & lamb
111
Q
  1. General characteristics of diseases caused by Escherichia coli.
A
  • Antigens (“Oliver killed five hamsters”)
    • O: Cell wall antigen
    • K: LPS
    • F: Fimbriae
    • H: Flagella
  • Strains (NEEEVS)
    • Necrotoxigenic (NTEC)
    • Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
    • Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
    • Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
    • Verotoxigenic (VTEC)
    • Septicaemic (SEPEC)
  • Toxins:
    • LT-toxin: Fluid hypersecretion into intestine
    • ST-toxin: Fluid hypersecretion into s. intestine & inhibits fluid absorption
112
Q
  1. Diseases of cattle caused by Escherichia coli.
A
  • Coli septicaemia of calves → Septicaemic E. coli
  • Coli diarrhoea of calves → Enterotoxigenic E. coli
    • ​ST-toxin
  • Calf dysentery → Verotoxigenic E. coli
113
Q
  1. Diarrhoeal diseases of swine caused by Escherichia coli.
A
  • Enterotoxigenic E. coli →
    • Coli diarrhoea of newborn piglets
    • Coli diarrhoea of weaned piglets (F18)

Both have LT & ST toxin

114
Q
  1. Oedema disease of swine.
A
  • Verotoxigenic E. coli strains
    • F18 toxin
    • Verotoxin VT2v (inhibits protein synthesis)
    • Occurs 1-2 weeks after weaning
115
Q
  1. Escherichia coli diseases in poultry.
A
  • APEC - Avian pathogenic E. coli (Which is septicaemic)
    • ​Remember “Chicken PIE” for the routes of infection
      • ​P: PO/Percutaneous
      • I: Inhalation
      • E: Embryonic
    • Day-old: Omphalitis; enteritis; fibrinous pericarditis
    • Adults: Septicaemia; fibrinous pericarditis; peritonitis
116
Q

127. Salmonella diseases of swine.

A
  • Swine typhoid* → S. Typhisuis
  • Swine paratyphoid* → S. Cholerasuis, Typhimurium & Derby
  • Typhlocolitis → S. Typhimurium
  • Asymptomatic carriage →
    • S. Typhimurium & Derby

*Seen during weaning age
Note: Typhoid is chronic, paratyphoid is acute!

117
Q
  1. Salmonellosis of cattle.
A
  • S. Dublin (highest in UK)
  • S. Typhimurium
  • S. Newport

Most frequent at 2-6 weeks old

118
Q
  1. Salmonellosis of small ruminants and horses.
A
  • Small Ruminants:
    • Generalised w/ fever → S. Typhimurium, Dublin, Enteritidis
    • Abortion form (winter) → S. Abortusovis
  • Horses
    • Enteric form, foal septicaemia → S. Typhimurium, Agona
    • ​Abortion form → S. Abortusequi
119
Q

130. Fowl typhoid.

A
  • S. Gallinarum
  • S. Pullorum
  • May be spread by red mites & rodents

Double mortality curve

  • Vertical infection 2-5 days
  • Horizontal infection at 21-28 days
120
Q

131. Fowl paratyphoid (Zoon.).

A
  • S. Enteritidis
  • S. Typhimurium
  • S. Kentucky

Non-host-adapted Salmonellae; seen < 2 weeks old

121
Q

132. ……..Salmonella reduction programs, and their control.

Control of Salmonella carriers: Broiler flocks

A

Farmer: Within 3 weeks before slaughter only

Official vet:

  • 2 pairs of boot samples
  • One flock per farm/year (if farm size is <500 birds)*
122
Q

132. ……..Salmonella reduction programs, and their control.

Control of Salmonella carriers: Laying flocks

A

Farmer:

  • Day 0 sample
  • Day 5 sample (dead)
  • 2 weeks before laying (2 pairs of boot samples)
  • Every 15 weeks of laying

Official vet:

  • 2 pairs of boot samples + dust sample
  • One flock per farm (if farm size is <1000 birds)*
123
Q

132. ……..Salmonella reduction programs, and their control.

Control of Salmonella carriers: Breeding flocks

A

Farmer:

  1. Day 0 sample
  2. Day 5 sample (dead)
  3. Week 4 sample (faeces)
  4. 2 weeks before laying (faeces)
  5. Every 2 weeks of laying (faeces & dead eggs)

​Official Vet

  1. First 4 weeks of laying
  2. Middle of laying
  3. Last 8 weeks of laying
124
Q

132. Reduction of Salmonella carriage of poultry, salmonella reduction programs, and their control.

A
  • Asymptomatic Salmonella carriage of poultry [Z]
    • S. Infantis
    • S. Typhimurium & S. Enteritidis → Broilers are vaccinated
125
Q
  1. Yersinioses: rodentiosis and diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica (Zoon.).
A
  • Rodentiosis (pseudotuberculosis) [Z] → Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
    • Arthritis in birds
  • Fibrinous enteritis [Z]→ Yersinia enterocolitica

Both cause diarrhoea & bovine abortion

126
Q
  1. Necrobacillosis and panaritium of ruminants.
A
  • Necrobacillosis1, 2
    • Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Necrophorum
    • Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Fundiliforme
    • Young animals only; affects wounds and the navel
  • Calf diphtherya → Fusobacterium necrophorum (resp signs)
  • Panaritium1, 3 → Dichelobacter nodosus

1Proteases; 2haemolysin; 3keratinase; strict anaerobes

127
Q
  1. Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle.
A
  • Form: BRDC (“Shipping fever”)
    • Pasteurella multocida A
    • Mannheimia haemolytica A1 & A2

1-3 months old

128
Q
  1. Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle.
A
  • Pasteurella multocida B:2 & E:2
  • Mannheimia haemolytica

Occurs after a monsoon or exhausting work; 6 month - 1 year old

129
Q
  1. Pasteurellosis of sheep and goats.
A

1P. multocida A; 2M. haemolytica A1, A2, A6; 3Bibersteinia trehalosi

  • Sheep forms:
    1. Respiratory1, 2 (1-5 months)
    2. Septicaemia (< 3 months)
    3. Mastitis
    4. Acute systemic3 (3-12 months)
  • Goat forms:
    1. Pleuropneumonia1, 2
    2. Septicaemia of kids
    3. Mastitis
    4. Acute systemic3
130
Q
  1. Pasteurellosis of swine and rabbits.
A
  • Pasteurella multocida A
    • Pneumonia (growers)
    • Atrophic rhinitis (swine)
    • Snuffles (in 2-3 month-old rabbits) → Otitis interna
  • Pasteurella multocida B:2
    • Acute haemorrhagic septicaemia
131
Q

139. Atrophic rhinitis of swine.

A
  • Non-progressive form → Bordetella bronchiseptica
    • Mild turbinate atrophy (reversible)
  • Progressive form → Pasteurella multocida A/D
    • Osteoblast damage (irreversible)
  • Dermonecrotoxin

Deformation is seen > 3 months old

132
Q
  1. Fowl cholera.
A
  • Pasteurella multocida A
  • Forms:
    • High virulence: Acute fowl cholera
    • Low virulence: Mild CSx/chronic/asymptomatic

Summer/autumn; Mainly waterfowl; Susceptibility increases with age; Exponential mortality curve

133
Q
  1. Anatipestifer disease and disease caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
A
  • Anatipestifer disease → Riemerella anatipestifer (ducks < 2 months mainly)
  • Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (2-8 week-old broilers/turkeys)
    • ​Tracheal mucous accumulation
    • Air sacculitis
134
Q

142. Tularaemia (Zoon.).

A
  • Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis1 (CSx)
  • Francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica1 (usually asymptomatic)
  • Francisella tularensis ssp. novicida

Spread by rodents & wild rabbit; CSx in sheep, horse, piglet; abortion in ruminants; tick-borne; 1Northern hemisphere only

135
Q
  1. Actinobacillosis of horses.
A
  • Septicaemia of newborn foals/Pyosepticaemia of adult horses
    • Actinobacillus equuli subsp. Equuli
    • Actinobacillus equuli subsp. Haemolyticus
136
Q
  1. Actinobacilloses of ruminants.
A
  • Actinobacillus lignieresii → Timber tongue
  • Actinobacillus seminis →
    • Infertility
    • Orchitis
    • Epididymitis
  • Actinobacillus suis
137
Q

145. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia of swine.

A
  • Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
    • ​Biotype 1: High morb. & mort
    • Biotype 2: Low morb. & mort
    • Resp. signs only
  • Actinobacillus suis
    • ​Septicaemia; nephritis; abortion; metritis; arthritis
138
Q
  1. Porcine polyserositis (Glässer’s disease).
A
  • Glaesserella parasuis
    • ​1-2 month-old piglet
    • Septicaemia → Meninges, joints & serosa
139
Q
  1. Infectious coryza of poultry.
A
  • Avibacterium paragallinarum A, B, C
    • ​More frequent in tropical countries; onset with laying
    • Sudden appearance; 100% morbidity, low mortality
    • Susceptibility increases with age
140
Q
  1. Diseases of cattle and sheep caused by Histophilus somni.
A
  • Cattle
    • Septicaemia → Thrombus formation → Organs​
    • Resp. signs
    • Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
    • Abortion
  • Rams
    • Ascending infection from infected semen
    • Orchitis
    • Epididymitis

Part of the BRDC complex

141
Q
  1. Contagious equine metritis.
A
  • Taylorella equigenitalis
    • ​Ascending infection; asymptomatic stallions
142
Q
  1. Diseases caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica, avian bordetellosis, bartonelloses.
A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
    • ​Causes kennel cough alongside: CPIV-2 & CAdV-2
    • Causes atrophic rhinitis in swine
    • Causes sneezing disease in cats
    • Maintained by: Swine, cats, rabbits
  • Bordetella avium → Avian rhinotracheitis
    • 2-6 week-old turkey/chicken; High morb., low mort.
  • Bartonellosis (generally vector-borne; replicate in RBCs)
    • B. henselae (Fe., Ho.)
    • B. bovis (Bo.)
    • B. vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffi (Ca.)
143
Q
  1. Infectious keratoconjuctivitis of cattle.
A
  • Moraxella bovis1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • Moraxella ovis1, 2
  • Moraxella lacunata

1Fimbria; 2haemolysin; 3protease; 4lipase; 5phospholipase

144
Q

152. General characterisation and epidemiology of brucellae (Zoon.). Swine brucellosis (Zoon.).

A
  • Köster staining; Chronic; Intracellular
  • Abortion, epididymitis, orchitis
  • Most important bacteria:
    • *Brucella melitensis: Ov., Cap.
    • *Brucella abortus: Bo.
    • *Brucella canis: Ca.
    • Brucella ovis: Ov.
  • Swine brucellosis
    • *Brucella suis
    • Wild swine populations mostly
    • Vertebral body deformities

*Notifiable

145
Q

153. Bovine brucellosis, eradication, maintenance of brucella free herds (Zoon.).

A
  • Brucella abortus & melitensis → Abortion at 6-8 months
  • Brucella suis → Udder
  • Serology: Rose-bengal test; ABR test (Brucella milk ring test)
  • Eradication:
    • Herd replacement > Generation shift > Selection
    • Ø Vaccination (brucella-free countries) →
      Persistent lifelong antibodies
  • Prevention: >30 days quarantine (2x tests);
    regular serology of herd
146
Q

154. Disease of sheep caused by Brucella ovis.

A
  • Brucella ovis →
    • Ram: Permanent infection → Infertility, epididymitis & orchitis
    • Ewe: Temporary infection → Abortion
147
Q

155. Brucellosis of sheep and goats caused by Brucella melitensis, canine brucellosis.

A
  • Brucella melitensis [Z]
    • Females: Abortion storm
    • Males: Orchitis, epididymitis
  • Brucella canis [Z]
    • Females: Abortion, repro. failures, ↓ litters
    • Males: Infertility, prostatitis orchitis; Scrotal dermatitis
    • Found in America, Asia & Africa
    • May also shed B. melitensis, abortus and suis
148
Q

156. Glanders and melioidosis (Zoon.).

A
  • Glanders (Farcy) [N][Z]→ Burkholderia mallei1
    • ​Found in Asia, Africa & S. America
    • Horse: Granulomas → Ulceration & necrosis
    • Donkey & cat: Acute septicaemia; pneumonia
    • Dx: Allergic test: Mallein-PPD (Ag) on skin
  • Melioidosis [Z] → Burkholderia pseudomallei2
    • ​Ru. & Su. also susceptible
    • Chronic: CNS signs

1Obligate pathogenic; 2facultative pathogenic

149
Q
  1. Diseases of ruminants caused by campylobacters.
A
  • Bovine genital campylobacteriosis* (beef) →
    • Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
    • Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
    • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Abortion of sheep & goat →
    • Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
    • Campylobacter jejuni
    • Young ewes more susceptible

*Only spreads venereally

150
Q

158. Diseases of birds, dogs and cats caused by campylobacters (Zoon.).

A
  • Birds
    • C. jejuni* → Campylobacter hepatitis of poultry
    • C. lari
  • ​Dogs & cats
    • ​C. jejuni → Diarrhoea in young animals

​</sup>Importance in public health*

<em>—– OFF TOPIC —–</em>

  • <em>C. coli* </em>→ Su.
  • <em>C. jejuni</em> → Bo. abortion, mastitis & diarrhoea of calves
151
Q
  1. Proliferative enteropathies of swine.
A
  • Lawsonia intracellularis (Piglets, Foal., Ca., rodent)**​
    • Necrotic enteritis (necrosis)
    • Intestinal adenomatosis
    • Regional ileitis (thicker muscle)
    • Proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy (thicker mucosa)

Chronic form: At weaning; Acute form: 4-12 months old

152
Q
  1. General characterisation and grouping of spirochaetes, avian borreliosis.
A
  • Spiral-shaped; peptidoglycan cell wall; periplasmic flagella
  • Giemsa; silver impregnation
  • Important genera:
    • Borrelia spp.
    • Brachyspira spp.
    • Treponema spp.
    • Leptospira spp.**​
  • Borellia anserina → Avian spirochaetosis
    • Tick-borne/direct; mostly tropical
153
Q

161. Lyme borreliosis (Zoon.) and rabbit syphilis.

A
  • Lyme Borreliosis [Z] → Borellia burgdorferi, afzelii & garinii
    • Changes its antigens in response to immune attack
    • Immune complexes → Joints, CNS & eye
    • Dx: Dark-field/phase contrast microscopy
  • Rabbit syphilis → Treponema paraluiscunniculi
    • ​Venereal/milk infection
    • Mostly local lesions on mucosa; rarely myelitis
154
Q

162. Swine dysentery, intestinal spirochaetosis of swine and birds.

A
  • Swine dysentery* → Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
  • Intestinal spirochaetosis →
    • Swine: Brachyspira pilosicoli
    • Birds: Brachyspira pilosicoli, alvinipulli, hyodysenteriae

*CSx only seen after weaning

155
Q
  1. Epidemiology of leptospira infections (Zoon.), leptospirosis of horses and dogs.
A
  • Shedding in urine & semen; Abortive; prefers warm & wet climates
  • Can “drill” into the skin; Young animals; Dark-field/silver impregnation
  • Equine leptospirosis (→ eye “moon blindness” & meninx)
    • Leptospira grippotyphosa1
    • Leptospira pomona2
    • Leptospira bratislava
  • Canine leptospirosis
    • Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae1 → Young; acute
    • ​Leptospira canicola3 → Old; chronic

Carriage in the kidneys; Maintaining host: 1Rodent; 2swine; 3dog

156
Q
  1. Leptospira diseases of cattle.
A
  • Leptospira Grippotyphosa1
  • Leptospira Pomona2
  • Leptospira Hardjo3 (titre is too low to perform ELISA)

Weather changes; maintaining host: 1Rodent; 2swine; 3Cattle

157
Q

165. Leptospirosis swine.

A
  • Leptospira Pomona
  • Leptospira Tarassovi
  • Leptospira Bratislava

Highly foetopathogenic; Swine are the only maintaining hosts

158
Q
  1. General characterisation of mycoplasmas, mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma bovis.
A
  • Ø Cell wall ∴ Ø Penicillin; Immunosuppressive
  • They have blocking receptors → Delay Ig production
  • Affects respiratory or urogenital tract
  • Clinical signs: MAKPS
  • Mycoplasma bovis
    • ​Abortion & BRDC
    • Mastitis; arthritis; keratitis; pneumonia; septicaemia
159
Q

167. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

A
  • Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides [N]
    • ​African variant (more virulent; acute)
    • European variant (less virulent; chronic)
    • Arthritis; Pneumonia (marble-like lungs); Septicaemia

Only found in Africa & Asia; only treated in endemic areas;
Ov. & Cap. can be asymptomatic; 100% morb. & 10-70% mort.

160
Q
  1. Mycoplasma diseases of small ruminants.
A
  • Contagious goat pleuropneumonia
    • M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae
    • Middle East; Africa; Asia; Asymptomatic sheep
    • 100% morb., 60-100% mort.
  • Contagious agalactia of sheep & goat
    • M. agalactiae
    • Mediterranean, Middle East, S. America, Hungary
    • MAKPS
161
Q

169. Mycoplasma diseases of swine

A
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae → Mycoplasma pneumonia
    • ​High morb., low mort.; 3-6 months old; Autumn/winter
    • Limited to the lungs; Immunosuppressive
  • Mycoplasma hyorhinis (weaners) → Polyserositis, arthritis, bacteraemia
  • Mycoplasma suis (growers) → Arthritis & septicaemia
162
Q
  1. Chronic respiratory disease of poultry (mycoplasmosis), infectious synovitis.
A
  • Chronic resp. disease of poultry
    • Mycoplasma gallisepticum
    • Mycoplasma synovae (infectious synovitis)
  • Horizontal/vertical infection
  • High morb., med. mort.
  • Varied surface protein expression → Resistance to
    • ​Host immunity
    • Antibiotics
163
Q
  1. Mycoplasma diseases of turkey.
A
  • Mycoplasma meleagridis →
    • Day-old: Air sacculitis, embryo mortality
    • Young: Air sacculitis; turkey syndrome 65
      (joint & vertebral problems)
    • Adult: Asymptomatic
  • Mycoplasma iowae →
    • Immunosuppressive; attach to intestinal villi →
      malfunction of absorption
    • Embryo: Acute inflammation of CAM; mortality
    • Chicks: Stunting, poor feathering
    • Adult: Bone deformity & bursal atrophy

All vertical & horizontal transmission

164
Q
  1. Diseases of pigs and sheep caused by haemotropic mycoplasmae.
A
  • Icteroanemia of swine → Mycoplasma suis
    • ​Transmission: Lice; cannibalism; intrauuterine
    • Partial RBC lysis → Phagocytosis → Immune reaction
      • ​Agglutination of RBCs
      • RBCs block the small vessels
  • Eperythrozoonosis of sheep → Mycoplasma ovis
    • ​Dx: Ø Isolation; Ø Serology
    • RBC damage → Phagocytosis → Anaemia
    • Submandibular & breast oedema
165
Q
  1. Diseases of cats and dogs caused by haemotropic mycoplasmae.
A
  • Haemobartonellosis of cat
    • Mycoplasma haemofelis
    • Mycoplasma haemominutum
    • 1-3 years-old; fleas
  • Haemobartonellosis of dog
    • Mycoplasma haemocanis
    • Mycoplasma haemoparvum
    • Ticks

RBC surface changes → Autoantibody production → Autoagglutination

166
Q
  1. Characterisation of chlamydiae, bovine chlamydioses (Zoon.).
A
  • DNA & RNA; Intracellular
  • Cell wall; Double membrane; LPS antigens
  • Ziehl-Neelsen & giemsa stain
  • PO → Gut → Septicaemia
  • Bovine chlamydioses
    • Chlamydia abortus (abortion)
    • Chlamydia pecorum (MAPS)
    • Chlamydia psittaci
    • Nervous form seen < 6 months old
167
Q

175. Chlamydial diseases of sheep (Zoon.).

A
  • ​Chlamydia abortus (Ø NZ/Australia) → Abortion
    • ​Young pregnant sheep (vaccinate them)
  • Chlamydia pecorum → Arthritis, conjuntivitis, enteritis
    • ​Pneumonia: Few week-old lambs

PO → Gut → Septicaemia → Uterus; lungs; joints

168
Q

176. Avian chlamydiosis (Zoon.).

A
  • Chlamydia psittaci A → F [Z]
    • PO → Resp. & GI mucosa → Blood → Brain
    • Duck & goose (young); Turkey (all ages)
    • Parrot: 30% mortality
169
Q

177. Q-fever (Zoon.).

A
  • Coxiella burnetii [N][Z]
    • Ziehl-Neelsen/Giemsa; Intracellular
    • Small cell variant → Large cell variant
    • Virulent strain; Avirulent strain
    • Rodents & birds → Ticks → Host → Septicaemia
      • Lungs; Uterus; Liver; Lymphoid
      • Abortion in last trimester Ov. > Bo.
170
Q
  1. General characterisation of rickettsiae, heartwater.
A
  • Rickettsiae
    • Intracellular parasites; Warm climate; Giemsa
    • Tick blood-sucking → Septicaemia →
      Endothelial damage → Circulation collapse
  • Heartwater [N] → ​Ehrlichia ruminantium
    • ​Africa & Caribbean; Maintained by wildebeest
    • Haemorrhages & CNS signs
171
Q
  1. Canine ehrlichiosis, disease of horses and cattle caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Potomac horse fever.
A
  • Ehrlichia canis → Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
    • Carried for 2 years; Tick-borne; G. shepherd
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    • Tick-borne fever of ruminants (pasture fever)
      • UK; Scandinavia; Europe
    • Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
      • UK; Sweden; Switzerland; Eq., Ca.
      • < 1 year old: Jaundice
      • > 1 year old: Ataxia, vasculitis
  • Neorickettsia risticii → Potomac horse fever
    • N. America; France; Near rivers; Monocyte replication; 30% mort.; Fluke-borne

Septicaemia → BM, Endothel, lymphoid → Immunosuppression;
Warm climates

172
Q
  1. Bovine anaplasmosis.
A
  • Anaplasma marginale & centrale (Bo.)
    • ​America; Africa; India; Middle East
    • Replicates in monocytes
    • CSx: Similar to heartwater (fever; tremor; CNS)

Older animals more severe; Tick-borne
RBC infection → RBC phagocytosis → Anaemia

173
Q
  1. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of cattle
A

Remember: BOMB PARIS

  1. BRDC: P. multocida, M. haemolytica, T. pyogenes, M. bovis
  2. Orthoreoviral pneumoenteritis
  3. Malignant catarrhal fever
  4. Bluetongue
  5. Parainfluenza-3
  6. Adenoviral pneumoenteritis
  7. Rinderpest
  8. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
  9. Syncytial virus infection
174
Q
  1. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of cattle
A

Remember: SCREWY JACOB

  1. Salmonella spp.
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Rotaviral enteritis
  4. E. coli
  5. Winter dysentery/Coronaviral enteritis
  6. Yersinia enterocolitica
  7. Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis)
  8. Adenoviral pneumoenteritis
  9. Cl. perfringens A
  10. Orthoreoviral enteritis
  11. BVD
175
Q
  1. DDx of infectious abortions of cattle
A

Think about MICHAL’s BBC

  1. Malignant catarrhal fever
  2. IBR
  3. Chlamydiosis
  4. Histophilus
  5. Akabane disease
  6. Lumpy skin disease
  7. BVD/MD
  8. Brucellosis
  9. Campylobacter
176
Q
  1. DDx of bovine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
A

Remember: B BIRCH

  • BVD
  • BSE
  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
  • Rabies
  • Chlamydiosis
  • Histophilus
177
Q
  1. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of swine
A

Remember: PAPPA PIGS

  • PRDC
  • Atrophic rhinitis
  • PRRS
  • PMWS
  • Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
  • Pseudorabies
  • Influenza
  • Glässers
  • Swine fever

+ Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, hyorhinitis & hyosynoviae

178
Q
  1. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of swine
A

Swine enteric diseases are CRYPTIC & SEPTIC

  • Cl. difficile
  • Rotaviruses*
  • Yersiniosis
  • Proliferative enteropathy
  • TGE*
  • Intestinal spirochaetosis
  • Cl. perfringens C
  • Swine dysentery
  • Epidemic diarrhoea*
  • Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
  • Typhoid
  • Intestinal salmonellosis
  • Coli enteritis

*Rota- & Coronavirus are most common

179
Q
  1. DDx of infectious abortions of swine
A

Remember: SERBIA

  • SMEDI (PCV-2/PPV-1)
  • Erysipelas
  • Reproductive & respiratory syndrome
  • Brucellosis
  • Influenza
  • Aujeszky’s (pseudorabies)
180
Q
  1. DDx of porcine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
A

Doctor’s prescriptions have a GP STAMP

  • Glässers
  • Pseudorabies/Rabies
  • Streptococcus suis
  • Teschen-Talfan
  • ASF/CSF
  • Mycoplasma hyorhinitis & hyosynoviae
  • Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
181
Q
  1. DDx of infectious abortions of horses
A

Horses behave like CELEBS

  • Chlamydiosis
  • Equine herpesvirus-1*
  • Leptospirosis
  • Equine infectious arteritis
  • Brucella abortus
  • Salmonellosis

Contagious equine metritis

182
Q
  1. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of horses
A

Remember: REHEARSE your GERMs

  • Reovirus
  • Equine influenza*
  • Hendra virus
  • Equine rhinitis virus*
  • Adenovirus
  • Rhinovirus*
  • Strep. equi subsp. zooepidemicus
  • Equine herpesvirus-1 & -4
  • Glanders
  • Equine infectious arteritis
  • Rhodococcus equi*
  • Melioidosis
183
Q
  1. DDx of equine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
A

CNS-affected horses become a hideous WRETCH

  • WNV
  • Rabies
  • Equine encephalitis viruses
  • Tick-borne encephalitis
  • Clostridium tetani & botulinum
  • Herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalitis

Borna disease (sad horse disease)

184
Q
  1. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats
A

Remember: COMPACT MOB

  • Contagious goat pleuropneumonia
  • Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte)
  • Maedi-visna
  • Parainfluenza-3
  • Adenovirus (pneumoenteritis)
  • Chlamydiosis
  • TB
  • Mycoplasmosis
  • Orthoreovirus (pneumoenteritis)
  • Bluetongue
185
Q
  1. DDx of ovine and caprine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
A

Remember: CCTV BRAWLS

  • Cl. tetani & botulinum
  • Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
  • Tick-borne encephalitis
  • Visna
  • Border disease
  • Rabies
  • Aujeszky’s
  • WNV
  • Listeriosis
  • Scrapie
186
Q
  1. DDx of infectious abortions of sheep and goats
A

Remember: BBC BELLS

  • Bluetongue
  • Brucellosis
  • Chylamydia abortus
  • Border disease
  • E. coli
  • Leptospirosis
  • Listeriosis
  • Schmallenberg virus

+ Q-fever; + Campylobacter; + Salmonella

187
Q
  1. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of poultry
A

Remember: SPECIFICATION

  • Swollen head syndrome (Avian metapneumovirus)
  • Poxvirus
  • E. coli
  • Chlamydiosis
  • ILT
  • Fowl cholera
  • IB
  • Coryza
  • Anatipestifer
  • Tuberculosis
  • Influenza
  • Ornithobacterium
  • Newcastle disease

+ Bordetella; +Mycoplasmosis

188
Q
  1. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of poultry
A

Remember: PAINTED DUNG

  • Paratyphoid
  • Anatipestifer
  • Influenza
  • Newcastle disease
  • Typhoid
  • E. coli
  • Derzsy’s disease
  • Duck viral enteritis (duck plague)
  • Ulcerative enteritis
  • Necrotic enteritis
  • Gumboro (IBDV)
189
Q
  1. DDx of poultry diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
A

Remember: DISBAND

  • Derzsy’s
  • Influenza
  • Salmonellosis
  • Botulism
  • Anatipestifer
  • Newcastle disease
  • Duck viral enteritis (duck plague)

+ Avian encephalomyelitis; + Epidemic tremor; + Chlamydiosis; +Fowl cholera

190
Q
  1. DDx of infectious diseases of poultry in the first 10 days of life
A

Chicks <10 days old have little TAPPERS for feet

  • Typhoid
  • Avian encephalomyelitis, epidemic tremor
  • Paratyphoid
  • Poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)
  • E. coli
  • Runting-stunting syndrome
  • Staphylococcus spp.
191
Q
  1. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of dogs
A

Remember: THICK PANDA

  • Tuberculosis
  • Herpesvirus
  • Influenza
  • Coronavirus
  • Kennel cough
  • Parainfluenzavirus-2
  • Adenovirus-1 & -2
  • Nocardiosis (thoracic form)
  • Distemper
  • Actinomycosis (thoracic form)
192
Q
  1. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of dogs
A

Remember: SCRAP-HEAP

  • Salmonella
  • Coronavirus/Campylobacter/Clostridium spp.
  • Rotavirus
  • Aujeszky’s
  • Parvovirus-1&-2
  • Herpesvirus
  • E. coli
  • Adenovirus-1
  • Parainfluenza

+ Distemper

193
Q
  1. DDx of canine infectious diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
A

Remember: ARCADE

  • Adenovirus-1
  • Rabies
  • Cl. tetani & botulinum
  • Aujeszky’s
  • Distemper
  • Ehrlichiosis

+ Parvovirus-1

194
Q
  1. DDx of feline infectious generalised diseases
A
  • Calicivirus
  • Panleukopenia
  • FIP
  • FeLV (feline leukemia virus)
  • FIV
195
Q

Components of Kennel cough

A
  1. Canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
  2. Canine influenza virus (CIV)
  3. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)
  4. Bordetella bronchiseptica
196
Q

Components of BRDC/Shipping fever

A
  1. Mannheimia haemolytica
  2. Mycoplasma bovis
  3. Pasteurella multocida
  4. Histophilus somni
  5. Adeovirus
  6. Coronavirus

10th Semester Finals (3 decks)

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