Epi topic minis Flashcards
- Parvoviral foetopathy of swine (SMEDI)
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PORCINE PARVOVIRUS 1 - PROTOPARVOVIRUS
(Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic death & Infertility)
Po → Lymphoid tissue around throat & SI → viraemia → cross placenta to fetus
CS: Embryo & fetus:
Until d.30: death, resorption
d.30-70: death of fetus, mummification - calcification (on d35 - not able to resorp)
From 70d: Weak & mummified feetus, myoclonia congenita
- Canine enteritis caused by parvoviruses. Feline panleukopaenia. Parvovirus diseases of mink
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Po → Repl: lymphoid tissues around throat (+GALT) → viraemia → rapidly cell dividing organs: LYMPHOID CELLS (bm, spleen, thymus & ln), CRYPT CELLS OF SI, MYOCARDIAL CELLS (young), (+Cat: blood prod. organs => anaemia, bm=> neutropenia, ln=> lymphopenia)
CANINE ENTERITIS: CPV2 - Car. protoparvovir.1
3-8 wks: Sudden death, myocardial damage
Above 8wks: Vomit, stinky greyish or hemorrh. diarhea
FELINE PANLEUKOPAENIA: - Car.protoparvovir.1
Gen. cs, Acute enteritis (vomit, diarrhea, exsiccosis)
Cerebellar hypoplasia from intrauterin/perinatal inf
MINK ENTERITIS V.: Car.protoparvovirus 1 (sim. to cat/dog)
High mort. fever, diarrhea (bloody), acute enteritis
ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE: Car.amdoparvovir.1
Plasmacytosis! Bloody faeces, NS signs, Bleed from orifices
Older: hypergammaglobulinaemia & glomerulonephritis
- Derzsy’s disease of geese, parvoviral disease of ducks.
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Po→SI epithelia→Viremia→Parenchymal organs (Liver & ♡ muscle)
DERZSY: Dependoparvo v. Goose & muscovy duck
- Susc. goslings: Death w/in 2d! Cold sympt., diarrhea, convulsions (liver damage), ascites & swollen eyelid
- Part. protected goslings: End of 2nd week! ↓ develop., feather grow problems & ascites
=> Tiger striped & ball shaped ♡ + hemorrhages
DUCK PARVOVIRUS: similar ↑
Barbari duck & muscovy duck
1 week old: lethargy, diarrhoea, leg weakness, NS
Chronic: ↓ dev + feather prob
- Circoviral disease of swine (PMWS, PDNS)
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Oronasal→ Macrophage, APC & epithel → vir.→ spread w/ monocyte
POSTWEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME:
1.5-4m old: Jaundice, rough hair, cough & diarrhea
Pm: ↑ln & hemorrhages, flaccid myocardium & ascites
PORCINE DERMATITIS NEPHROPATIA SYNDROME:
Type III hypersens. reaction From 1.5 m old
Multifocal red round skin lesion, hemorrhages & oedema
Pm: ↑ brown greyish kidney + necrosis under capsule, skin infarcts
- Avian diseases caused by circoviruses, chicken infectious anaemia
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PSITTACINE BEAK & FEATHER DISEASE VIRUS:
< 3 years: Parrots In div. cells in feather foll, beak & claw
Acute: resp, vomit & diarrhea → die w/in wks (by sec. inf)
Chronic: Feather loss, feather & beak deformities
PIGEON CIRCOVIRUS: 1-12m old. Lethargy, anorexia, beak/feather/claw deformities
GOOSE CIRCOVIRUS: from 1 wk old
Retarded growth, ↓prod & feather formation, ↑ mort
CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANAEMIA: Anelloviridae, Gyrovirus g
Po → Intestine → viraemia → BM, thymus, bursa ++
Clin: <1m old: ANEMIA-DERMATITIS SYNDROME (hemorr, liver necrosis)
Subclin: >3wks: ↓ performance/productivity
- Papillomatoses
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Non-enveloped, need keratin, oncogen
Enter via trauma/erosion→ Stratum basale (prim. inf, expression, maintenance) → S. spinosum (DNA amplification)→S. granulosum (assembly & capsid prod.) → S. corneum (release of virus)
Cauliflower nodules, grey and painless
Ru: eyes, horn, abdomen Car: mouth & gen
Eq: mouth, neck, head
Horse sarcoid: BPav1 & 2 from fibroblast, aggressive!
head, abdomen, hoof to feet line
Spontanous heal w/in 6m
- Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese caused by
polyomaviruses.
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Non-enveloped DsDna Oncogene
→Oronasal→ repl: lymphoid tissues around throat → viraemia → repl: b-cells, blood endothel, bursa, kidney & intestine
3-10wk old: Cs few hours bf. death!! Shake head/neck, diarrhea & coma (chronic: uric acid crystals)
Pm: odema & hemorrhages, hemorr. nephritis & necrotizing hemor enteritis.
- Pneumoenteritis of ruminants caused by adenoviruses
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Mastadeno & Atadeno
PNEUMOENTERITIS IN CALVES:
1-4 m/old→ Oronasal → Repl: tonsils → viraemia → respiratory + enteric mucosal epithelia => Bronchiolitis, enteritis, gen. signs, nasal discharge, cough
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PNEUMOENTERITIS IN LAMBS:
Intensively raised lambs from young ewes (3-4wk old)
Resp signs + rams= urolithiasis
- Canine infectious hepatitis and infectious laryngotracheitis (caused by adenoviruses)
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CANINE INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS:
Canine mastadenovirus (Cadv-1) “Rubarth disease”
Po/conjunctiva → tonsils, peyers patches to ln. →Viraemia →
liver (hepatitis), brain (encephalitis), kidney (long carriage!
glomeruloneprhitis) & eyes (uveitis)
Peracute: death w/in 2 days Acute: fever
Extended: odema, convulsions, uveitis
=> jaundice, bloody diarhea, gum bleed
CANINE INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS: CAdv-2
Young, cs rarely alone! Coinf => kennel cough!
→ airborne → x: upper resp. tract mucosa => Rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheo-bronchitis, bronchiolitis => nasal d, cough
- Adenoviral diseases in poultry
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→Aviadenovirus genus po/germ→vir→gut/liver/kidney/trachea
CHICKEN INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS:
FAdv-1,7,8 Anemia & diarrhea, enlarged pale liver
HEPATITIS- HYDROPERICARDIUM SYNDROME-GOOSE:
Sitting, weak, hepatitis & focal necrosis
→ Siadenovirus genus
TURKEY HEMORRH. ENTERITIS: I.s, hemorr, anemia, bloody faec.
MARBLE SPLEEN DISEASE: Pheasant, enlarged mottled spleen
SPLENOMEGALY: broiler, enlarged lver and spleen
→Atadenovirus genus
EGG DROP SYNDROME: Duck atadenovirus 1
Fragile deformed and soft eggshell
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/IP)
RED
BHV 1 & 5, alphaherpes, varicello g
RESP. FORM:
Aerogen→Resp mucosa→vir→encephalitis(<5m), abortion, lung (1-6m resp cs) (+ asc inf from nose in calf encephalitis)
=> Gen. cs, ulceration & red upper airway, watery→purulent nasal d, cough, conjunctivitis
GENITAL FORM: venereal → IPV & IPB
Infectious pustular Vulvovaginitis: oedema(vulv/vag) → pustules → yellowish white membrane
Infectious pustular balanoposthitis: Swollen prepose + mucopurulent discharge
- Bovine herpesmammillitis, inclusion body rhinitis of swine.
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BOVINE HERPESMAMMILLITIS:
BHV-2 alpha - simplexvirus (catttle + buffalo)
intro w/. inf. animal→ spread via milking/mech. vector →inf via skin damage (=> calf drink → pustules: lip & oral mm)
Thickened edematous plaques → vesicles → rupture to ulcer →scab - Painful → milk refusal
SWINE INCLUSION BODY RHINITIS:
Suid herpesvirus 2 - unassigned - beta subf
Contact/airborne → viraemia → lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages
<3wks: fever, sneeze, serous/bloody nasal d
Preg sow: inf fetus → wasting piglet
- Malignant catarrhal fever
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Ovine herpesvirus 2 & Alcelaphine h.v 1 Gamma - macavirus Cattle mostly WILDEBEEST (Africa) or SHEEP (outside af) associated - carriers w/ direct inf to cattle airborne → vir
PERACUTE: Hemorhagic enteritis, tremor, convulsions, death
=> enlarged liver & kidney, urine bladder wall odema
SUBACUTE: Rumen paralysis, agalctia, purulent conjunct., nasal d, meningitis & encephalitis => convulsions & death
- Aujeszky’s disease in swine and other animals.
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Suid herpesvirus1 - alpha varicello v. Swine=N.H & reservoir Many mammals susceptible (lethal encephalitis - dead end h)
Oronasal → x: nasal/phar. mucosa & tonsils → vir → x: lung + other visc. organs => fever & resp. signs
NEWBORN PIGLET: death w/in 2d, meningoencephalitis (tremor & paralysis)
GILTS: sneeze, nasal discharge, lung oedema + trembling face
ADULTS: Dyspnea, cough, abortion
RU: muscle tremors (neck/back), itch, dyspnea & pharyngeal paralysis => death lethal encephalitis
- Diseases of horses caused by EHV-1 and EHV-4 viruses
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EHV1 (resp, abort & CNS) + EHV4 (resp + abortion)
Alpha varicellovirus
EHV-1: Eq rhinopneumonitis & epizootic abortion eq= reservoir
→Contact/oronasal →x: nasal mucosa → vir → fetus/brain, s.c
RHINOPNEUMONITIS: fever, serous nasal d, cough
ABORTION: after 5m preg: weak, die w/in 1 wk ABORT. STORMS
CNS: w/resp! Paresis, paralysis, ataxia, lame (tail +anus paralysis)
- Diseases caused by EHV-2, EHV-3 and EHV-5 viruses in horses.
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EHV 2 & 5: gamma percavirus
→ Few week old foal: fever, mild serous nasal d, cough
EHV5: sus role ini horse multinodulary pulm. fibrosis
EHV 3: alpha varicellovirus
→ Venereal/iatrog/foal from teat→x: genital mucosa→ nodules & pustules on epithel of vag/penis/lip foal → erosions & scabs
- Canine herpesviral disease
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CaHV-1 - alpha varicello
up to 3wk: yellowish faeces, crying, necrotising vasculitis, hemorrhages (convulsions, coma & death in very young)
Young/adult: asymp! rarely resp cs, abortion
- Feline infectious rhinotracheitis.
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Felid herpesvirus1- alpha varicello
young/old winter
→ Contact/airborne→ X: resp. mucosa (necr & infl) → vir →latency in phar. lymphatic tissue & trigem. ggl
> 6m: sneeze, nasal d, cough, conjunctivitis →serous than mucopurulent → stuck bleary eyelids & blocked nasal orifice
+abortion
- Infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken.
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Alphaherpesvirinae- Ilto virus Chicken (grower & adult) + others
→ Airborne → upper airways & conjunctiva → X: upper airway epithel & endothel damage → odema & hemorrhage
MILD FORM: Low vir.strain: Conjunct, swollen sinus, nasal d, sneeze
SEVERE/TYPICAL: Dyspnoea, cheesy plugs- obturation (hemor+fibrin precip. in trachea), bloody exudate, eyelid oedema, conjunctivitis & ulceration, necrotizing tracheitis
- Marek’s disease.
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Gallidherpesvirus 2! & 3 Alpha-mardivirus
Spread directtly cell → cell - ø free virions! ø germ
High res, indir + dir most susc: 1-2 wks
→ Aerogen → Resp. tract → Macrophages → cell associated viraemia → Lymphoid tissues (thymus,bursa,spleen), Feather follicles (only place of free virion & shed! skin leukosis & tumors), Peripheral nerves (lymphoinfiltr. & prolif) + small focal tumors in other organs
CLASSICAL NEUROLOGICAL FORM: mild vir: sporadic, long lasting. Weakness, ataxia, 1 sided paralysis (legs & wings), enlarged nerves (appear greyish yellow)
TRANSIENT PARALYSIS: Higher vir. Sporadic recov, can lead to visc form
ACUTE, LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE: (visceral type): may give cns sympt = paralysis. Visceral tumors(nodules): ovaries, testicles, spleen, liveer, kidney, heart. Anorexia, anemia, nodules in skin, depressed & decr. appetite
PERACUTE/ANEMIA: rare
MATSA (marek associated tumor surface atg)
ø treat., good vax
- Duck plague, herpesviral disease of pigeons.
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“Duck viral enteritis” Anatidae herpesvirus-1. Gammaherpes Unassigned
→ Po (dom. ducks inf from wild ducks cont. lake water) → X: GI → Vir → endothel damage of B.V
ADULTS: more severe, can die in good condition! Bloody/watery diarrhea, conjunctivitis, eyelid odema
DUCKLINGS: blue beak, bloody vents
PM: Hemorrhages, yellowish crustaceous plaques → diptheric pseudomembranes
ø treat
PIGEON HERPES: Columbi herpes virus 1 - alpha mardi
airborne inf → enlargede liver, pancreas, SI (watery red content)
2-6 m old: acute serous conjunct, fat/herpes eye, diphteric yellow plaques in beak, orophary. x etc die w/in. 4d
- Bovine diseases caused by poxviruses.
RED
Linear dsDNA, usually good res Ortho¶pox = zoon
→ Aerogen, contact, arthropod → X: skin & mucosal surfaces → Stadium Erythematosum (reddening) → St. Papulosum (prolif + greyish papule) → St. Vesiculosum (necrosis & vesicle) → St. Pustulosum (purulence) → St. Crustosum (dried crust) → St. Decrustationis (crust shed) → heal w/without pockmarks
Cowpox: Orthopox virus Zoon Sim. to milkers nodules
Udder/milk/genitals → hemorrhagic lesions → red/black crust → papules → vesicles recov w/in 1 m
Pseudocowpox: Parapox genus Zoon !Milkers nodule!
Udder & teats: red papules Cattle & hu
small vesicles or pustules beore scabs
Bovine papular stomatitis: Parapox genus Zoon
>2 yrs old, spring & summer Erythema → prolif. pocks (nostril, mouth, muzzle,lips) → erosions
Lumpy skin: Capripox genus NOTIFIABLE ø hu
Cattle, buff. & wild ru NODULES ALL OVER (can enter embryo)
Athropod (mosq, fly+) → local skin lesions (often generalized) → skin & mm: pocks → ulcer → necrosis →scab (pockmarks)
+ Fever, odema, nasal d
- Contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and goat. Swine pox.
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CONTAGIOUS PUSTULAR DERMATITIS:
“orf” Parapox - zoon (occupational) Sheep! & goat
Strong crustations→ mouth & limbs + teat (pain + lame)
→ Papules → vesicular → pustular → encrusting
SWINE POX: Suipox virus genus Only pigs
Vectors & direct → red spots(ear, belly, thigh) w/ pocks in. centre → crusts
Preg. sow: abortion or piglet w/cs
- Sheep and goat pox.
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Goat & sheep pox virus - capripox
Eu free! very res, generalized
Aerogenic → X: resp epithel → vir → organs & tissues: mm (resp tract & GI), lungs & other organs (lymphoma like nodules), skin (nodule) Can cross to fetus
Flue like, pox everywhere, necrosis of dermis, hard scab→ shed, mucopurulent nasal d, permanent star shaped scars
- Myxomatosis
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Myxomavirus - Leporipox genus OIE
Attenuated or wild virulent strains
Cottontail rabbit (maintains, mild/asympt), Wild/dom rabbitt (severe & death), Hare (susc but mild)
Insects/mosq (hide in green feed)/direct contact→ X: skin → degen. of epithel. → vesicles →covering skin necrosis → viraemia →damage b.v → infiltrate corium, tumor like myxoma (moist nodules in skin)
TYPICAL/CLASSICAL/NODULAR: 100% mort within 7d. Skin erythema, moist nodules w/necrosis & ulceratioon = lionhead & genitals (ears, eyelid, nose, mouth)
ATYPICAL/AMYXOMATOUS: Conjunc, nasal d, sneeze, +/- nodule
- Fowl pox
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Avian poxviruses, Avipox genus
Turkey, pheasant, pigeon, fowl - all ages
via recovered & carriers/ bloodsucking arthropods & fomites
→ HETEROLOGOUS STRAINS: only prim. repl
→ HOMOLOGOUS STRAINS: oronasal/skin lesions → prim. asymp repl → vir→ organs/mucosa/skin (if survive sec. repl in skin)
DRY CUTANEOUS FORM: Local lesions on featherless areas
(mixed form: pocks)
DIPHTERIC WET FORM: Malignant mucous membranes.
resp tract, oral cav: nodules covered with fibrin → annorexia & wasting + coryza, conjunctivitis (death or recov)
ACUTE HEMMORHAGIC FORM: canary pox! rapid death w/ cs
- African swine fever
RED
Asfarviridae, astivirus genus arbovirus NOTIFIABLE
enveloped, linear dsDNA, very res, swine/wild boar/afric. pig
PO (shed nasal d. & saliva)+ (tick) →X: Tonsils & ln →Vir → Spleen, In, BM, BV endothel →X: Monocyte,macrophage, endothel & hepatocytes
HIGHLY VIRULENT: Peracute/acute: Depression & sudden death w/o NS, hyperemia, hemorrhages, ↑ black In & pulmonary oedema
MODERATELY VIRULENT: subacute: Prolonged fever, skin lesions,↑ spleen, abortion, high mortality in sows
MILD VIRULENT: Chronic: multifocal skin lesions, swelling (tarsal + carpal), Immune complexes, abortion, pneumonia
ø vax
- Teschovirus encephalomyelitis
RED
Picornacvir, Teschovirus genus, Serotype1 - vir.var: Teschen Talfan only pig
ENTERAL PHASE: PO →X: gut repl. in lymphoid tissues (ø cs, but shed in faeces) →viraemic phase (fever)
NEURAL PHASE: Nose → olfactory n →2nd repl → encephalomyelitis, meningitis, neuron necrosis
TESCHEN: All ages! Mild fever & anorexia !most sever!
Adult: HL flaccid paralysis
Piglet/grower: Vomit, atatia, convulsion, flaccid paralysis, resp.paralysis & hyperaesthesia
TALFAN: Widespread! < 4 month old (bf weaning)
Ataxia & HL paralysis (transient)
- Swine vesicular disease and vesicular exanthema of swine
RED
SWINE VESICULAR DISEASE: Picorna, entero g, SVDV
→ Po →X: epitheloid cells (throat & gut) → Vir → Vesicles (mouth, snout, teat, leg) (+ rare cs: Heart & cns)
VESICULAR EXANTHEMA: Calici! Vesivirus genus
Euryxen & zoon Same vesicles as svd
- Avian encephalomyelitis
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AEU, Tremovirus genus, picorna High res, high lethality
Chicken & pheasant+ all ages (cs usually <2wk-1m)
→faecal shed’/germinative → PO→X: gut mucosal membr. →Vir. → parenchymal organs, ovarium & CNS (infl+necr)
=> depression, tremors (head, neck & ataxial), paralysis
- Duck viral hepatitis disease.
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Duck hepatitis A virus, avihepatovirus g
Genotype 1 (highly pathogenic) 2&5 (less) - high res
→ Po/tracheal discharge →X: gut mucosa → viraemia
→X: liver, spleen & kidney
=> Liver dystrophy & necrosis/hemorhh
=> Spleen: mottled & dystrophy
=> Kidney: ↑ & hemorrhages
PERACUTE: Sudden death (day old)
ACUTE: Depr, ataxia, spasmodical paddling - hunched back & opisthotonus
- Encephalomyocarditis of swine and other animals.
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Cardiovirus genus, picorna
Euryxen (swine+birds) - maintained by rodents (asymp)
Mostly piglet <5w - Good res
→ Po/aerosol →X: tonsils → viraemia (fever) →
+ MYOCARDITIS => failure
+ FETUS=> abortion & weak
+ ENCEPHALOMYELITIS=> tremor, ataxia, paralysis
Other species: dyspnea & sudden death
- Foot and mouth disease.
RED
FMDV, aphto g, picornaviridae NOTIFIABLE
Serotype O & A (worldwide) +ssRNA-mRNA, non-enveloped
Endemic: Asia, Africa, S-America, middle east
Main host: cattle & buffalo (reservoirs) + sheep & swine
Po/aerogen →X: Laryngeal & pharyngeal mucosa → Vir → tattered edge red base vesicles (skin: teat/feet + mucosa: mouth/nose/tongue)
=> Salivation, lame (hoof loss- keratin layer), ↓milk, myocarditis (young) → pale ♡
vax inact
- Feline calicivirus infections.
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Vesivirus genus, Caliciviridae (Non-enveloped)
Oronasal → pharynx → vir (1st fever) (then 2nd fever w/cs)
⇒Oral mucosa & pads: blisters & necrosis
⇒Lung: alveolitis, exud.pneum → sneeze, exudate, dyspnea
⇒Joints: Acute synovittis & thickened synovial membrane
“Limping syndrome”: lameness & fever, recov 1-2d
Highly pathogenic- severe systemic syndrome: vasculitis, icterus, intestinal bleeding
Atten + inac. vax
- Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, European brown hare syndrome (RHD,
EBHS).
RED
RHDV-1 (only rabbit, mort:70-90%).
RHDV-2 (Rabbit & hare. Longer incub period)
EBHSV (Hare)
Cs from 6-8 w/old (younger subclin) -Mortality up to 100%
Oronasal/conjunctiva →Viraemia, propagation in liver, vasculitis ⇒ Liver dystrophy, thromboembolia in airways & visceral organs → hemorrhages → shed feaces + excrete
HYPERACUTE: depression & fever -> death w/in few hours
ACUTE: Foamy &/or bloody nasal discharge, heavy breathing, cyanosis of mm, incoord., shaking, terminal opistotonus
Die w/in 12-36 hrs
⇒ Hemorrhages everywhere! ø treat - has vax
- Diseases of farm animals caused by hepatitis E virus.
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Hepeviridae, orthohepevirus genus, orthohepevirus A & C (+ssRNA, non-enveloped) Hu: poor sanitary regions, contam. water Faeces, meat, liver (repl) (hu: CNS, chronic extrahep)
CHICKEN BIG LIVER & SPLEEN DISEASE: Orthohepevirus B
Over 24wks→ po→X: Intestinal mucosa & lymphatic tissue → Viraemia →X: Liver & spleen
⇒ Underproduction /egg drop, anemia, premature moulting
⇒ ↑liver w/subcapsular hemorrhages & ↑spleen
- Diseases caused by Astroviruses
Astroviridae f, Avastrovirus genus (+ssRNA, non-enveloped)
AVIAN NEPHRITIS: Avian nephritis 1 (&2) virus - only chicken
Po→X: gut epithelium(⇒enteritis) → viraemia → Kidney
(⇒ nephrosis + swell, pale, urate deposits (chronic)
Day old chicken: Acute: gen cs, diarrhea, kidney lesions, growth retardation (cs first 4wks of life)
DUCK HEPATITIS: like duck hepatitis (picorna), just mildeer
TURKEY ASTROVIRUS: diarrhea (1-5 wk old)
- Equine encephalomyelitis caused by togaviruses.
RED
Togaviridae, alphavirus genus (+ssRNA, enveloped)
America - NOTIFIABLE - Lifelong immunity
EASTERN: Bird - mosq cycle ⇒ Horse & hu = dead end
WESTERN: Bird - mosq - rodent ⇒ Horse & Hu= dead end
VENEZUELAN: Rodent/eq - mosq - ro/eq (eq: maintaining)
Mortality eastern>venezuelan>western
Mosquito bite→ regional ln →1st viremia → visceral organs → 2nd viremia (2-5d)→ cs→ Infection of CNS
PERACUTE FORM: High fever, shock, death w/in 12 hrs
ACUTE, SUBACUTE FORM: Biphasic fever, Excitement then apathy. Encephalitis (visual disturbance, head convulsions & paralysis), Myelitis (lame), death
CHRONIC: rare, recov but permanent damage
Public health concern! preg mother abort
- Equine infectious arteritis.
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2 genotypes, 1 serotype - Arteriviridae! Enveloped, +ssRNA, OIE! Equidae, Stallion semen long term carrier
Venereal/nasal→X: Local lymphoid tissues (macrophag)→Xx: ln → viraemia→ endothel damage → edema (limbs, abd, gen., sc), hemorr+congestion, placenta abruption & fetus inf
ADULT: Urticaria (head & neck) + all from pg
YOUNG/OLD: fever, somnolence, nasal d
⇒ aborted fetus: infl. & thrombus form in vessels, enteritis
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).
RED
PRRSV, Arteriviridae, enveloped - High mort in piglet
Chronic persistent infection
Inhalation →X: macrophages → Local activation→ viraemia
Macrophages go to lymphoid organs & lungs (fetus x:day 14)
FIRST PHASE: for 2 or more wks: anorexia, hyper/dyspnea, cut. hyperaemia, abortion, agalactia. Young: laboured breath, blue ears (transient pga restricted blood), red body discolor
SECOND PHASE: continues 1-4m: Repro failure (smedi like), high pre-weaning mortality + boar: ↓ semen quality
⇒ edema, pneumonia
⇒ Fetus: ascites, arteritis
- Louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis.
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Flaviviridae
LOUPING ILL:
Sheep!, hu ++ Uk, scandi, spain+ (hu: rare)
Tick → biphasic fever, convulsions, ataxia (louping ill), coma, death ⇒ Lymphocytic encephalitis, neuron necrosis
TICKBORNE ENCEPHALITIS:
Hu febrile illness (+mam. & birds)
Tick/raw milk→ local repl→ viraemia→ visc. organs (CNS)
1st: fever & influenza like → 7-10d later: 2 fever & cns signs! Paralysis, restless, weak limb
Full recov but permanent lesions (inact. vax)
- West Nile fever, disease caused by Usutu virus and other mosquito-borne flaviviral diseases.
RED
Flaviviridae
WEST NILE FEVER: Africa, EU, ASIA+
Bird: natural host
mosq→ local repl → viraemia → neuroinvasive → inflammation(neuron cell d**egen, apoptosis, demyelinisation)
Eq: Febrile, CNS signs (Weak HL, teeth grind, convulsions, incoord., ataxia, circling, partial paralysis & coma
SHEEP: Teeth grind & ataxia
DOG/CAT: asymp or cns
GEESE: young! Seizures, ataxia, wing paralysis
PM: petechial hemorrhages (pericardium, muscles)
eq: inact. vax every year
USUTU:
africa & central eu: encephalitis wild birds + mosq, hu deadend
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS:
Notifiable! Far east: hu, horse (encephalitis), swine (abortion) ++
- Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)
RED
Flavivir., pestivirus A & B (OIE) cattle, wild ru ++
Non-cytopathic, cytopathic & non-cytop to Cytop switch strains
4-24 m old cs
Po/aerogen/venereal → enteric mucosa & lymphatic tissue → viraemia → visceral organs (dig.tract, lung, spleen, lymph tissue) → bood vessel damage → mucosal epithel damage (erosions) → lymph tissue damage: I.S
ENTERIC & LYMHATIC: hemorrhages, erosions & immunesupr
Calves: fever, diarrhea, resp disease
PREGNANT: CP: fetal damage & abort NCP: infertil & im.tolerant
↳ Fetus/newborn: hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia, ataxia
MUCOSAL DISEASE: High mort
Hemorrhagic enteritis, fibrin pp, hemorrhages (Kidney)
Erosions: oral/eye/hoves/legs (sharp edge,round ulcer), necrosis
Vax. attenuated & live
- Border disease of sheep.
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Flaviviridae, Pestivirus D - Sheep (border btw england & wales)
Po/aerogen/venereal→X: enteric mucosa & lymph tissue → Vir
1st half pregnancy: abortion →2 half: foetopathy (epithel & nervous tissue)
Weak lambs, hair like pigmented wool (neck & back), ataxia
trembling, retarded growtth (cran. development problems)
High lethality (Ewe: ø cs)
- Classical swine fever.
RED
Flaviviridae, pestivirus genus, pestivirus C
Stenoxen: swine & boar (Relative res & very contagious)
Oronasal++ → tonsils → head/neck/ln → viraemia →lymphatic issue (damage IS), BM damage (⇒DIC & hemorr), vessel damage
PERACUTE: fever, death - Lymphocytic infiltration brain
ACUTE/SUBACUTE: edema, skin hemorr.& necrosis, weak HL,
ataxia, nystagmus, obstipation→ bloody diarrhea, haematuria, blood nasal d, boutons LI, cropous meningitis, leukoencephalitis
CHRONIC: retarded growth, diarrhoea, crustae (skin), Sequestra & adhesions (ø hemorrhages & boutons)
PREGNANT: 1st half: abortion, weak trembling piglets, splayleg!
2nd half: immunocompetent
- Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.
W
Alphacorona-1! OIE +ssRNA Winter US+CA
Rapid spread - all ages
Oronasal→ villus atrophy → ↓ lactose digestion →↑ osmotic p. & broken N/K pump →Viraemia → die of dehydr.of metabolic acidosis & hyperkal. ⇒ consequent ♡ failure
Vomit, yellow watery stinky diarrhea & ↓ appetite
Newborn until 10d: 100% mort! vomit & diarrhea
Dehydrated piglet, dilated stomach & intestine full of indig. milk
- Porcine epidemic diarrhoea, encephalomyelitis of pigs caused by haemagglutinating coronaviruses
W
PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA: ALPHACORONA ONLY PIG!
Type 1:England- fattner & grower Type 2:US: all ages
Oronasal→X: epithelial cells: lungs & intestine→ villus atrophy → ↓ lactose digestion →↑ osmotic p. & broken N/K pump
→Viraemia → die of dehydr.of metabolic acidosis & hyperkal.
⇒ consequent ♡ failure ⇒ profuse diarrhoea
HEMAGGLUTINATING - ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (beta corona)
Pig = natural host
Oronasal → asymp x: gut & resp → into CNS w/peripheral Ns
Few days postpartum: yellowgreen vomit, constip., hairy pigs
4-6 wks old: rare! vomit, weak & HL paralysis
ONTARIO DISEASE: Shake, arch back
<3wks: pharyngeal paralysis, partial paralysis limbs, cyanosis
- Coronaviral diarrhoea of cattle and dogs.
G
CORONAVIRAL DIARRHEA OF CATTLE: Betacorona
Oronasal→X: bronchi + intestine → Viraemia
Calf & weaner: cough,dyspnea, rhinitis, tracheitis pneumonia
Calf diarrhea: < 3 w : High mort! Watery (hemorrh), diarrhoea
WINTER DYSENTERY: Dairy cow!
watery hemorr. diarrhoea, fever & ↓milk
CORONAVIRAL DIARRHEA OF CANINE: Alphacorona
Po→X: SI→shorten vili ⇒vomit, watery yellow(bloody) diarrhea
↳ Pantropic coronavirus:
Oronasal → lung, int.repl→ viraemia → Fever, hemorr. diarrhea, vomit, ataxia & seizures
- Diseases of cats caused by coronaviruses.
W
Alphacorona
Feline enteric C.V → mutation → FIP (5%)
Po →X: airways & intestine - viraemia → Enteral: young -uneven litter, diarrhea, vomit, nasal d
FIP - Feline infectious peritonitis
All age→ fever, anorexia, lymphocytopenia, IC deposition, hypergammaglobulinaemia
↳ WET: Type III HS (Im.complex) → strong Ab respons, effusive
⇒ Large undulating belly & ↑abd. volume, thor. fluid, cloudy iris, color change, hemorrhages
↳ DRY: Type IV (cellular response) → low ab, non effusive
⇒ Shaking, CNS, multiple sclerosis
RIVALTA TEST
- Infectious bronchitis of chicken, coronaviral enteritis of turkey.
W
Gamma corona, coronaviridae
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS OF CHICKEN:
Oronasal→X: trachea/bronchus →liver, kidney, oviduct, testicles
<6wks: gasping, cough, tracheal rales, nasal d, cloudy airsacs & caseous plugs (trachea)
Growing chicken: mild resp & oviduct temp. damage
Layers: mild resp, misshapen soft shell
CORONAVIRAL ENTERITIS OF TURKEY: “blue comb/mud fever”
Po→ epithelial rep: SI, caecum & bursa fabricii
⇒ foamy watery diarrhoea, blue comb & ↓ egg prod
- Diseases of farm animals caused by reoviruses and rotaviruses.
G
- Reoviral diseases of poultry.
G
- Bluetongue.
RED
- Epizootic haemorrhagic disease.
G
- African horse sickness, equine encephalosis.
RED
- Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro-disease).
RED
- Swine influenza.
RED
- Equine influenza.
W
- Avian influenza
RED
- Rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants.
RED
- Canine distemper.
W
- Diseases caused by Henipa viruses.
W
- Diseases caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and
parainfluenza-3 virus.
W
- Newcastle disease.
RED
- Avian metapneumovirus infections.
W
- Diseases caused by Orthobunyaviruses.
W
- Rift Valley fever and Nairobi sheep disease.
RED
- Vesicular stomatitis, ephemeral fever.
RED
- Rabies.
RED
- Borna disease, avian diseases caused by bornaviruses.
G
- Enzootic bovine leucosis.
RED
- Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis.
G
