Epi / pericardial diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Define myocarditis:

A

An inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can range from mild to lethal. Causes inflammation and necrosis of the cardiac myocytes. Conduction disruption is common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common cause of myocarditis in the US and Europe?

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common virus the causes myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie virus A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 types of treatment for myocarditis?

A

Anti-inflammatories, anti-virals, or a heart transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does pericarditis relate to pericardial effusion?

A

When the pericardium is inflamed it leads to fluid accumulation in the pericardial space (this is a pericardial effusion).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Fluid accumulation past 200 mL in the pericardial space. This compresses the heart and the chambers are restricted by the surrounding pericardial fluid so they cannot stretch and fill with blood. This causes a decrease in cardiac output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs of acute pericarditis?

A
  • Chest pain (sharp, worse when deep breathing)
  • Fever
  • Dyspnea
  • Pericardial friction rubs
  • ST elevations on EKG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are symptoms of cardiac tamponade?

A

The Beck Triad; hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
Pulsus paradoxus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus?

A

A 10 mmHg decrease with EXPIRATION
(or can think of it as a 10 mmHg increase with INSPIRATION)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the treatment options for pericarditis?

A

NSAIDS (anti-inflammation)
ASA (reduce inflammation and a little pain)
Corticosteroids
Colchicine (for pericarditis that isn’t responsive to NSAIDS)
Can go and drain the fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly