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Epi Final > Epi Final Info > Flashcards

Epi Final Info Flashcards

1
Q

Foodborne infections occur when people eat?

A

Live, pathogenic microorganisms

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2
Q

Listeriosis is..

A

an infection

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3
Q

Raw meats and poultry should be stored

A

On the bottom refrigerator shelf to avoid cross contamination

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4
Q

From a sanitation perspective, which are considered the most dangerous
to a foodservice establishment?

A

Mice

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5
Q

Hand sanitizers..

A

Only work on clean hands

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6
Q

What is the minimum cooking temp of turkey/ all poultry?

A

165

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7
Q

HACCP stands for?

A

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

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8
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is most often transmitted by:

A

A food handler with an uncovered sore

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9
Q

What is not an approved thawing method

A

covered sanitary pan at 75 degrees

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10
Q

Bacterial spores

A

May survive minimum cooking and freezing temps.

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11
Q

What is the danger zone for biological growth in food?

A

41 to 140

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12
Q

The three categories of food contaminants are best described as?

A

Chemical, Biological and Physical

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13
Q

Food should not be kept in the danger zone for more than?

A

2 hours

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14
Q

Potentially hazardous cold foods must be kept at an internal temperature of ____ or lower to prevent rapid bacteria growth

A

41

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15
Q

At what temperature maximum should your refrigerator be kept at all times?

A

40

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16
Q

The cold storage time for ground beef in a refrigerator set to 40°F or below is:

A

1 to 2 days

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17
Q

Of the following listed food pathogens, which one is most often associated with the consumption of undercooked or raw seafood?

A

Vibrio vulnnificus

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18
Q

A large batch of chili is prepared in your restaurant for use over the next three days. Which temperature should the chili be cooked to before it is served on day two and three to ensure the food is suitable to eat?

A

165

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19
Q

Know the difference between deterministic models of causation such as Koch’s postulates and Hill’s causal criteria and Rothman’s Causal Heuristic (necessary, sufficient, and component causes – see Epiville Causal Inference and Gordis Chapter 14).

A

a

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20
Q

Know what bias is; what causes it; give examples of different types of bias; what effect it has on study validity; and how to prevent it in your study design.

A

any systematic error in the design,conduct or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of a exposures effect on the risk of disease. examples: selection bias, information bias.

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21
Q

Know what confounding is; be able to give examples of common confounding factors in human and animal studies; and know how to determine if it is present

A

In a study of whether factor A is a cause of disease B, we can say that factor X is a confounder. In order to be a confounder X needs to be a known risk factor and X needs to be associated with factor A, but not a result of.

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22
Q

Know the most common agents associated with foodborne illness in the USA; know which are associated with secondary or long-term sequelae and what they are

A

a

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23
Q

Give examples of diseases transmissible to humans via the consumption of raw milk and raw milk dairy products.

A

a

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24
Q

Give examples of diseases transmissible to humans through pet consumption of raw food diets (BARF).

A

a

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25
Q

Understand how to construct an epidemic curve and know what information can be determined from the curve. Be able to determine average incubation period, index case, type of outbreak, type of exposure, and exposure period from different types of epi curves.

A

-place # cases on y axis, day of onset on X, start 0 as exposure if known

Know what information can be determined from the curve
-pattern of spread, magnitude of outbreak, time trend of outbreak -incubation period or date of exposure, type of outbreak

26
Q

Know how to develop a case definition and characterize an outbreak in terms of person (animal), place, and time.

A

a

27
Q

Know what 2 study designs are used for an outbreak investigation and when each is preferred.

A

Retrospective cohort: when you can look at entire population risk,Members of the cohort are easily identifiable Members of the cohort are easily accessible
Exposure is rare There may be multiple diseases involved

Case Control: a)
Identify a group of individuals form the population at risk with the disease and find out about their exposures
Then find a similar group of individuals from the same population at risk without the disease and find out about their exposures.
When you don’t have a defined population at risk that you can get in touch with
Ex: peanut butter salmonella outbreak across the US, use a cluster of cases in each state
Identifying the entire cohort would be too costly or time consuming
The illness is rare

28
Q

Define the following terms: HACCP, critical control point, critical limit and hazard.

A

HACCP:Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point

29
Q

Understand the pros and cons of CAFOs.

A

a

30
Q

Define, compare, and contrast quarantine and isolation.

A

Quarantine: used to seperate and restrict the movement of well persons who may have been exposed to a communicable disease to see if they become ill.

Isolation: used to separate ill persons who have a communicable disease from those that are healthy.

31
Q

Know the constitutional, statutory, and philosophical bases of public health law.

A

a

32
Q

Compare and contrast organic, natural, and raw foods and the role of USDA in the organic certification program.

A

a

33
Q

Know the most common agents of human foodborne illness and the sequelae (Guillain-Barre Syndrome and C. jejuni, HUS and E. coli) to those infections.

A

a

34
Q

Know the most common agents of human foodborne illness and the sequelae (Guillain-Barre Syndrome and C. jejuni, HUS and E. coli) to those infections.

A

a

35
Q
  1. Know the requirements for Humane Slaughter and the allowances for religious ritual slaughter.
  2. Be familiar with the rules regarding slaughter of non-ambulatory animals.
  3. Be familiar with the animal welfare concerns associated with religious ritual slaughter and approaches to enhance animal welfare.
A

a

36
Q

Be familiar with current emerging disease issues of importance to veterinarians and the role of humans, wildlife, and domestic animals in the emergence of zoonoses.

A

a

37
Q
  1. Know which species can be vaccinated against rabies.
  2. Know which species can be observed for 10 days for rabies post biting a person.
  3. Know the US wildlife species that are reservoirs for rabies.
  4. Know what to do when a person has been bitten by a wildlife reservoir for rabies.
A

a

38
Q

Know what active and passive surveillance are.
31. Know what 5 types of conditions are monitored via health surveillance: injuries, morbidity, mortality, exposures to disease, and hazards.

A

a

39
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases/population at risk

40
Q

prevelence

A

number of cases at a single point in time/population at risk

41
Q

sensitivty

A

true test positive/total sick

42
Q

specificity

A

true test negative/total not sick

43
Q

odds ratio

A

(AD)/(BC)

44
Q

What are ways to approach handling confounding?

A

Individual matching, stratification, group matching, adjustment.

45
Q

Effect modification

A

The extent to which a specific health care treatment service, prodecure,program or other intervention produces a benneficial result uder ideal controlled conditios.

46
Q

The purpose is to limit the indicence of disease by controlling causes and risk factors.

A

Primary prevention

47
Q

The property of a test to identify the proportion of truly ill persons in a population who are identified as ill by a screening test

A

Sensitivity

48
Q

The probability of a persons having the disease when the test is positive

A

Positive predictive value

49
Q

The extent to which a test is measuring what it is intended to measure

A

validity

50
Q

A study that measures the number of persons with influenza in a calendar year

A

Cross sectional study

51
Q

Occurrence in the community of a number of cases of disease that is unusually large or unexpected

A

Epidemic

52
Q

Measures of central tendency, except

A

Variance

Mean, Median and Mode do

53
Q

Range of values surrounding the estimate which has a specified probability of including the true population values

A

Confidence interval

54
Q

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

A

Type 1 error

55
Q 
14. The relation between exposure and disease is considered to be causal or etiological in the following, except
A. Dose response relation
B. Cessation of exposure
C. Temporal relation
D. No confounding
A

No confounding

56
Q

A study that measures the incidence of a disease

A

Cohort

57
Q

A study wherein bias is less likely to occur

A

Cohort

58
Q

Recall is an example of what type of bias

A

Information bias

59
Q

Type of design where both exposure and disease are determined simultaneously for each subject

A

Cross sectional study

60
Q

A study is conducted to determine the proportion of persons in the population with PTB using AFB sputum for diagnosis

A

Cross sectional study

61
Q

Type of sampling whereby subjects are assigned according to a factor that would influence the outcome of a study

A

Stratified random sampling

62
Q

The extent to which a specific health care treatment, service, procedure, program, or other intervention produces a beneficial result under ideal controlled conditions is its

A

Efficacy

Epi Final (1 decks)

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