Epi Flashcards
What is epidemioglogy?
The study of the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health-related states in populations and the application of such knowledge to control health problems.
Food security
Safely feeding the growing human population
AMR
Antimicrobial resistance (Super bugs)- MRSA, cancer and infectious diseases, HIV-AIDs
EIDs
Emerging infectious diseases (mutation, mixing, and trafficking of pathogens; encroachment on wild animal habitat)
epi triad of interacting causal factors

Infectivity
Ability of an agent to infect. In a population of infected animals, there may be subclinical infection, mild, moderate, and severe clinical signs or even death

Virulence equation
Virulence (%) = count of severe and dead cases/ all infected
Case Fatality Rate (CFR)
100 cases of disease, 80 dropped dead- 80%
Pathogenicity
Infectivity and virulence
What is the iceberg effect related to epi?
Within a population, subclinical/ asymptomatic disease is often the big problem

What is meant by the natural history of disease?

Hosts
Animal capable of being infected. Replication/ development of the agent typically occurs in a host.
Carriers
Infected host without clinical signs potential source for others
Reservoir
Source where agent normally lives (wildlife, soil, water)
Vector
Animate object that transmits infection (insects/ vector-borne viruses)
Vehicle
Inanimate object that transmits infection (transmisson on fomites)
TADs
Transboundary animal diseases
EADs
Emergency animal diseases
What is an EID?
Newly recognized in a population, known for some time but rapidly increasing in incidence or range OR was maintained in a reservoir poopulation waiting to “spill-over”
* Infectious diseases cause > 25% of global human deaths
* 60% of EIDs are zoonoses
* 72% of these are from wildlife reservoirs
What is a Transboundary animal disease?
Rapid spread over national borders, serious socio-economic or public health consequences, major importance in trade of animals/animal products
What are emergency animal diseases?
An animal disease that requires an emergency response.
* Exotic- has penetrated quarantine barriers (rabies, FMD, equine influenza)
* Emerging- start within Australia, previously unrecognized (Hendra, Aust. Bat Lyssavirus)
* Re-emerging- known to occur in Australia, but spreading more widely than previously (anthrax, HPAI, bluetongue)
Sporadic
No pattern
* a reservoir host and only infrequently comes in contact with this host
OR
* carriers (hosts with inapparent infection)
e.g. Hendra Virus































