EP's Flashcards
1
Q
What are indications of an engine failure?
A
- left yaw
- drop in engine RPM
- drop in rotor RPM
- flashing red ENG OUT warning light
- ENG OUT/low rotor RPM audio warning
2
Q
What is the response to a partial power loss?
A
- engine may operate smoothly with reduced power or erratically with intermittent surges of power.
- turning start pump on may smooth out an erratic operating engine and/or restore power enabling the pilot to fly to a favorable landing area. Do not disregard the need to land.
- if possible fly at reduced power to the nearest safe landing area and land as soon as possible. Be prepared for complete power failure.
3
Q
What is EP for engine failure at cruising altitudes 500’ and above?
A
- adjust collective pitch to establish autorotataional glide and control RPM
- adjust cyclic as necessary to attain and maintain desired airspeed
- at airspeed above max autorotational Vne (129 kts) use aft cyclic to maintain attitude and slow to desired airspeed.
- increase collective as necessary to prevent rotor over speed.
- min rate of descent will be attained at 60 kts and 410 rotor RPM.
- max glide distance will be attained at 80 kts and 410 rotor RPM.
4
Q
What is EP for complete power loss?
A
- adjust collective pitch according to altitude and airspeed to maintain rotor speed between 410 and 508 rpm.
- apply pedal pressure as necessary to control yaw.
- adjust cyclic as necessary to control airspeed and flight path. Allow airspeed to stabilize at 129 kts or lower.
- select landing area.
- if operating at reduced rotor rpm, restore rotor rpm by lower collective prior to flare out.
- flare as required for the terrain to reduce forward airspeed and rate of descent. Level prior to ground contact.
- touch down in level attitude, increasing collective pitch to cushion landing.
- avoid use of aft cyclic or rapid lowering of the collective during initial ground contact or any subsequent ground slide.
5
Q
What is EP for engine failure for altitude above 12’ and below 500’?
A
- power failure during takeoff, collective pitch must be lowered to maintain rotor rpm.
- as the ground is approached, flare as required to reduce forward airspeed and rate of descent.
- touchdown in a level attitude, increasing collective pitch to cushion landing.
- avoid the use of aft cyclic or rapid lowering of the collective during initial ground contact or subsequent slide.
6
Q
What is EP for engine failure below 12’?
A
- do not reduce collective pitch.
- apply right pedal to prevent yawing
- increase collective pitch as necessary to cushion landing.
7
Q
Air restart?
A
- depends on altitude, time available, rate of descent, and potential landing areas.
- do not attempt if malfunction suspected.
8
Q
Air restart when low altitude or time critical?
A
- close twist grip to cutoff.
- press start/ignition button immediately.
NOTE: if N1 is 18% or above, open twist grip immediately to ground idle. N1 speeds of 25 to 40 % are preferred for coolest and fastest restarts. Maintain safe autorotational speed.
9
Q
Air restart when altitude and time permit?
A
- Perform normal engine start if N1 has decayed below 18%.
- recommended airspeed is 60 kts.
- recommended altitude is 16,000’ pressure altitude or below.
- After N1 reaches 15% or above and TOT is 150 degrees or below, advance throttle twist grip to the idle position.
10
Q
Ditching - power off?
A
- Adjust collective to establish autorotation.
- If time permits, open doors and push door handle full down to prevent relatching.
- Make autorotative approach, flaring as required to minimize forward speed at touchdown.
- level aircraft. Apply full collective pitch as contact is made with the water.
- When aircraft begins to roll, lower the collective to full down to minimize blades skipping off the water.
- Release safety harness and clear the aircraft as soon as the rotor blades have stopped turning.
11
Q
Ditching - Power on?
A
- Descend to hovering altitude above the water.
- Open doors and push door handle full down to prevent relatching.
- Passenger and copilot exit aircraft.
- fly safe distance away from all personnel in water
- close twist grip to the cutoff position and perform hovering autorotation.
- allow aircraft to settle in a level attitude while applying full collective pitch.
- When aircraft begins to roll, reduce collective to full down to minimize blades skipping off the water.
- release safety harness and exit the aircraft as soon as the blades have stopped turning.
12
Q
What are indications of a fuel control or power turbine governor failure?
A
Instrument needle fluctuations or rise/drop in:
- N1
- N2
- TOT
- Torque
13
Q
What is EP for an engine overspeed?
A
- Increase collective to load the main rotor, simultaneously rolling the twist grip toward ground idle position until control of N2 speed is obtained.
- Manually control N2 speed (99-100%) with twistgrip.
- If operating RPM cannot be controlled, close twistgrip to CUTOFF and make autorotational landing.
14
Q
What is EP for an engine underspeed?
A
- Lower collective to maintain rotor RPM in the green (410-508) and attempt level flight at 60 kts.
- If power is insufficient for level flight or power-on descent, make an autorotational landing.
15
Q
What is EP for governor surging?
A
- Turning start pump on may allow the engine to operate smoothly. If operation of the engine returns to normal, it may be possible to fly to a favorable landing area, however do not disregard the need to land.
- If power turbine surges, beep N2 to max and control N2 (99-100%) manually with the twistgrip.
16
Q
Anti-torque failure - complete loss of thrust - forward flight?
A
- directional control becomes dependent on airspeed.
- good directional control can be maintained with loss of NOTAR fan by adjusting airspeed and power for level flight between. 60-100 kts.
- do not attempt autorotation unless an actual engine failure occurs
- perform shallow approach and running landing into wind at 20-30 kts
- do not attempt flight below 20 kts
17
Q
Anti-torque failure - complete loss of thrust - while at hover
A
- place the twistgrip in the cutoff position
- perform a hovering autorotation
18
Q
Anti-torque failure - fixed thruster setting?
A
- adjust power to maintain 50-60 kts.
- if direct jet thruster becomes fixed with right pedal applied, nose of aircraft will turn right with power application. Use shallow approach and running landing into the wind at 20-30 kts. Directional control may be accomplished by small adjustments in throttle or collective control.
- if direct jet thruster becomes fixed with left pedal applied, nose of aircraft will turn left when power reduced. Use a shallow approach into wind or with a right crosswind. Plan to touchdown with little or no forward airspeed. Directional control may be accomplished by small adjustments in throttle or collective control
19
Q
YSAS malfunction?
A
- turn off the YSAS switch.
- If persists, pull YSAS circuit breaker.
20
Q
Inoperative trim?
A
- establish safe flight condition that produces least cyclic control force. Normally straight and level at last trimmed airspeed.
- Actuate trim switch through all positions in attempt to restore trim capability and determine extent of failure.
- If restored, trim to near neutral position and land as soon as practical avoiding further trimming.
- If failure is determined in all directions and control of the helicopter can be maintained safely, check/reset TRIM circuit breaker.
21
Q
Runaway trim?
A
- if forward longitudinal - maintain higher air speeds. If aft longitudinal then try to reduce airspeeds
- utilize left hand and legs as necessary to apply pressure against cyclic stick to conserve strength for landing. Use collective friction to prevent unwanted collective movement and associated power change.
- actuate the trim switch thru all positions, several times if necessary, as this will generally re-establish trimming capability. When restored, trim to near neutral and land as soon as practical.
- if trim runaway is full forward, accomplish landing into the wind and do not hover downwind.
22
Q
Fire?
A
- maintain control and land immediately.
- if on the ground or upon landing from an inflight fire it is essential engine be shut down, crew and passengers evacuated, and fire fighting begun immediately
23
Q
Cabin smoke and fume elimination?
A
- cabin heat off
- fresh air vent open
- cabin door vents open and facing aft.
- if necessary, open pilot’s door (airspeed below 129 kts). Door will stabilize open a few inches in forward flight.
24
Q
Engine fire on the ground?
A
During starting: - Twistgrip to cutoff - Starter - motor until TOT is below 150 degrees. - Fuel shut off valve - pull to close Engine compartment fire: - Twistgrip - cutoff - Fuel shutoff valve - pull to close - Battery switch - off - Passenger/crew - evacuate - if time and situation permits - mayday call, secure area, fire extinguisher as appropriate.
25
Q
Engine fire during flight?
A
Low AGL:
- Land immediately
- Start pump off
- Twistgrip -cutoff as soon as on the ground
- Fuel shut off valve - pull to close
- Battery off
- Evacuate
26
Q
If unable to land immediately and fire source can be identified?
A
- Malfunctioning system - off
- Fire extinguisher
- cabin - ventilate
- land - as soon as practical
27
Q
If fire source is unknown?
A
- cabin heat - off
- generator - off
- all electrical circuits (not necessary for safety of flight) - off
- cabin - ventilate
- land - as soon as practical
28
Q
Sudden, unusual, or excessive vibrations?
A
- land as soon as practical
- no further flights should be attempted until the cause has been identified and corrected
29
Q
What are the red warning indicators?
A
Engine out, low rotor speed, transmission oil pressure and/or temperature, battery over temperature
30
Q
EP for transmission oil pressure and/or temp?
A
Land as soon as practical
31
Q
EP for battery overtemperature 160 F or above?
A
- land as soon as practical.
- inspect battery
- if proper equipment exists, disconnect and remove battery from aircraft - do not use fire extinguisher to cool the battery.
32
Q
Chip detectors?
A
Land as soon as practical
33
Q
Low fuel light?
A
22.5 usable pounds - land as soon as possible.
34
Q
Fuel filter?
A
If any unusual indications or conditions occur land as soon as possible. Light indicates an impending bypass condition exists.
- additional flight prohibited until fuel filter has been serviced.
35
Q
Engine air particle separator filter?
A
AIR FILTER CLOGGED illuminates
- Open filter bypass door when light illuminated more than five seconds.
- pull handle to open plenum chamber access door so that engine inlet air bypasses particle separator filter.
- service prior to next flight.
