EP Flashcards
Autorotation Procedures
- Lower Collective
- IAS to 65Knots
- FFCL off (relighting impossible or tail rotor failure)
Time Permitting: Fuel shutoff closed, Fuel Ps off, Emer Shed
4, Manuever into the wind - 70 feet initial flare
- 20 feet continue flare
gradually increase collective, cyclic forward to slight nose up attitude (<10°C), adjust pedals to cancel sideslip, increase collective to cushion landing. Once aircraft has stopped: lower collective to full low pitch, Apply rotor brake <170 rpm
In-Flight Relight
- Fuel P both on.
- Ng- below 30%
- Normal light procedure
Need at least 1000 feet to complete procedure
Governor Failure (Nr Drop)
- Lower collective (Nr in green)
- FFCL-check in detent
If yes: - Autorotation Procedure
- FFCL- forward to Emergency Sector (check Ng and T4 increase, Ng to 70%)
- Adjust collective to NR at 350RPM
- FFCL forward to NR 380RPM
- Collective/FFCL continue to adjust to maintain level flight at 380RPM LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
- Shallow appraoch at Vy
- Collective Pitch/FFCL, adjust step by step to maintain Nr at upper limit of green arc.
Final Approach - reduce forward speed, keeping FFLC steady
- No-hover slow running landing (around 10kts).
- Retard FFCL before lowering collective pitch
IF NOT
- FFCL to flight
- Adjust collective pitch
Governor Failure (Nr Increase)
Failure (Nr Increase) Do not lower collective 1. Increase Collective pitch to maintain Nr within limits 2. FFCL retard to set Nr in green arc LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Surging
Hunting of Ng, Tq, T4 indications and jerks in yaw axis
1. Lower collective pitchSurging subsides
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Surging Persists:
2. Check fuel and engine oil pressure
3. FFCL retard to exit governed range
4. Adjust Collective to Maintain 380RPM
Surging ends: LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Surging Persists: LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Approach like NR dropEngine Parameters diverging:
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Autorotation Procedures, Shut down engine
Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (Hover IGE)
LAND IMMEDIATELY
- FFCL- retard
- Collective Pitch- Increase to cushion touchdown
Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (Hover OGE)
- Reduce Collective Pitch (depending on height)
- Forward Cyclic to gain speed
- Maintain Vy or higher
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (In Cruise Flight)
- Cyclic- maintain Vy or higher
- Lower Collective to avoid sideslip
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE - Retard FFCL
- Autorotative Landing
Loss of Tail Rotor Control
Jamming of pedals, or loss of effectiveness. Easier landing with RH Wind, airspeed less than 20 knots go around is impossible due to loss of vertical fin efficiency
1. Adjust Cyclic and Collective to 70knots IAS in level flight
2. Determine position of stuck pedal
3. Consider depressing ACCU TST
4. Running Landing
Shallow approach with slight left sideslip, sideslip will be reduced progressively as collective is applied to cushion landing
Smoke in the Cockpit (Source not Identified)
Heating and Demisting off Smoke Clears- Continue Flight Smoke Doesn't Clear: 1. [Batt] EMER SHED 2. [GENE] off 3. [Avionics] off 4. VentilateWhen Smoke Clears 5. All Consumers Off 6. [Batt] on, check DC parameters 7. [GENE] on, Check DC Parameters Smoke doesn't clear: LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE Smoke clears:Not Correct: [GENE] off, unecessary equiptment off, monitor U bus on VEMD LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Correct: All consumers on one-by-one to identify failed system, then keep it off, CONTINUE FLIGHT When [BATT] is set to EMER SHED position the VEMD goes off. Apply the procedure for VEMD screen failure
Smoke in the Cockpit (Source Identified)
- Corresponding system off
- Ventilate the cabin
Continue Flight depending on the failed system.
Engine Failure Hover IGE
- Maintain collective pitch
- Control Yaw with pedals
- Increase collective to cushion landing.
Engine Failure Hover OGE
- Collective- full low pitchwhen Nr stops decreasing
- Cyclic forward to gain airspeed
- Complete Autorotation
Governor Failure Nr Drop in a Hover IGE
- Maintain Collective
- Control Yaw
- Increase Collective to Cushion landing
- Retard FFCL
Governor Failure Nr Drop in a Hover OGE
- Collective full low pitch
- Cyclic forward to gain airspeed
- FFCL- check in flight detent
If yes, complete autorotation
If No, FFCL in detent, adjust collective to maintain Nr in green arc
VEMD Failure
one screen
- Turn off failed screen. [OFF1] or [OFF2]
2. Read all available on the other screen.Use scroll button to change screens.
VEMD Failure two screens
Can be when BAT/EPU, GENE or EMER SW are in off position
1. Set IAS to 100kts minus 2kts/1000ft
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
No hover landing
Caution Messages on VEMD
When a parameter is offline, the value is not displayed and the paramater scale symbology is displayed in yellow. Pilot shall comply with the action requested. No light on caution and warning panel, no other action is required of pilot.
Abnormal Nr/Nf Indication
Nr Indication failure: 1. Collective: maintain Tq >10% NR reading is given by Nf pointer LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Nf Indication Failure: 1. Nr Guage- check in green range with Tq>0. CONTINUE FLIGHT
Abnormal Engine Parameter Indication:Engine Oil Temp over 115°C
1. Set Airspeed to 80Kts Temperature reduces: LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE check cooler fan operation Temperature doesn't reduce: LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Abnormal Engine Parameter Indication: Low Engine Oil Pressure
- Check for Eng P light.
If light: LAND IMMEDIATELY, autorotation procedure
No light: - CWP light test.Light not working:
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Light Working: LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Abnormal Engine Parameter Indication: Zero Fuel Pressure
- Check [FUEL P] both on
- CWP check FUEL P
- Light not on then Fuel Pressure Guage Failed
CONTINUE FLIGHT
Abnormal Engine Parameter Indication: Low Fuel Pressure (<0.2 bar)
- Check [FUEL P] both on.
- CWP Check FUEL FILT light
- Light illuminated then, FUEL FILT procedure.
- Light not illuminated then fuel pressure guage failure, CONTINUE FLIGHT
∆Ng Indication Failure
T4 limited:
730°C with OAT <15°C
750°C with OAT >15°C
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Torquemeter Failure
OAT>15°C Ng=98%
OAT<15°C N<95%(below 4000Hp to -25°C)
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Ng and Torquemeter Failure
T4 limited: 730°C with OAT< 15°C 750°C with OAT >15°C LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE switch off heating/demisting, do not try to start the engine
ENG FIRE(Start up)
- Emergency Fuel Shut off Handle- Aft
- FFCL- Off
- [FUEL P] both off
- [CRANK] Depress 10 seconds
- [BATT]- Off
- Rotor Brake Apply (below 170RPM)
- Evacuate Aircraft and fight fire
ENG FIRE Hover, Takeoff, Final
LAND IMMEDIATELY
1. No hover, powered landing, then once on ground follow ENG FIRE on ground procedure.
ENG FIRE (in flight)
LAND IMMEDIATELY 1. Lower collective 2. Set IAS to Vy 3. Autorotate 4. Emergency fuel shut off- aft 5. [FUEL P] off 6. FFCL- Off position After Landing: 6. [BATT] - Shut off 7. Rotor Brake, apply (below 170RPM) 8. Evacuate the aircraft and fight fire from outside.
ENG P
Engine Oil Pressure <1.3bar 1. Check guage Low or Nil: LAND IMMEDIATELY (autorotate, shut down engine time permitting) Normal: LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
ENG CHIP
- Collective Pitch- Reduce Power
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Low power approach and landing, be prepared in case of engine loss of power
Takeoff is prohibited without Mx checks.
MGB P
MGP<1 bar
1. Collective Pitch-reduce power
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
If safe landing is not possible, continue flight to nearest landing site, reduce power and fly at Vy
At low power, Vy, a maximum of 55 minutes of simulated flight has been demonstrated during bench test.
MGB TEMP
MGB Oil overheating >115°C
1. IAS to Vy
2. Monitor CWP panel
MGB TEMP light illuminated:LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
MGB TEMP not illuminated:LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
MGB CHIP
Metal Particles in MGB oil
1. Reduce Collective
Monitor MGB P and MGB TEMP lights
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
TGB CHIP
Metal particles in TGB oil
Avoid Prolonged Hovering
CONTINUE FLIGHT
HYDR(in hover)
Hydraulic Pressure <30bar
Keep aircraft at level attitude, avoid abrupt maneuvers.
Do not use [ACCU TST] as this will depressurize the yaw load compensator resulting in heavy pedal control loads.
1. Land Normally
2. Collective Pitch- lock
3. FFCL- Set to 67%
HYDR(in flight)
- Set IAS between 40-60Kits
- Collective HYD switch off
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Flat approach into the wind, no hover slow running landing around 10kts
After landing:Lock collective
FFCL: Set to 67%
BATT TEMP
Maximum battery temperature exceeded Not applicable to 563AM, we have Lead Acid. 1. [BATT] off 2. Check Ubus Voltage Normal:LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Above U max 1. [BATT] On 2. [GENE] Off 3. Unneccesary equipment off LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
BATT
Battery Off Line 1. Check [BATT] On Yes: 2. Check Ubus Voltage LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE No:[BATT]- turn on CONTINUE FLIGHT
GENE
DC Generator Offline 1. Check Ubus Voltage 2. [GENE] Check on. If Off: Turn [GENE] On If On: GENE Circuit Breaker (check 30A panel)[GENE RST] Depress for 2 seconds GENE light still on: Turn off unecessary equipment, monitor U Bus boltage and LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Caution: If battery fails, VEMD will go out and only analog Nr guage will remainday 50 minutes (1VHF, 1VOR)night (same as day plus instrument lights and external lights) GENE Light out: CONTINUE FLIGHT
FUEL
Fuel Quantity (<106lbs)
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
18 minutes of flight time remain at MCP
AVOID LARGE ATTITUDE CHANGES
FUEL P
Low Fuel pressure (<0.2bar) on either or both pumps 1. [FUEL P]- Check on. Not on:[FUEL P] Both on, light out CONTINUE FLIGHT Both On:Check Fuel Pressure Normal: one pump faulty, CONTINUE FLIGHT Pressure Zero: Both Pumps Faulty CONTINUE FLIGHT below 5000'Hp
FUEL FILT
Fuel Filter CloggedWarning: Fuel filter by-pass opening drives pollution into the fuel lines and the governor, which may induce power oscillations, limited power or eventually flame-out.
1. Collective Pitch- reduce power
Light goes out:Establish flight at reduced power, LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Light not out, LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Monitor Ng on VEMD- if Ng Oscillations occur:
LAND IMMEDIATELY, Autorotate.
PITOT
Pitot heating not operative[Pitot] Check on
No: Turn on, CONTINUE FLIGHT
Yes: Monitor Airspeed Indicator, CONTINUE FLIGHT
HORN
Audio warning system not operative[Horn]- check on.
No: Turn [HORN] On
Yes: Audio warning system failure, CONTINUE FLIGHT
DOOR
One or both cargo hold unlocked
Reduce Airspeed to 70kts
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
descent and approach at a low rate of descent.
Rotor Brake Inoperative
Warning: Wait for full rotor shutdown before leaving the aircraftWind Blowing:
- Aircraft, into wind
- Cyclic stick, slightly into wind.
Yaw Servo slide valve seizure(in hover)
If no movement about yaw axis: LAND normally If yaw axis rotation: HYD switch- off Pedals- cancel yaw rotation
Yaw Servo slide valve seizure(in cruise flight)
- Airspeed— reduce between 40-60kts in level flight, enter sideslip if necessary
- HYD switch– OFF, Proceed as in case of HYDR
Main Servo Control Slide Valve Seizure
- HYD Switch off (heavy control loads)
- Airspeed between 40-60ktsProceed as in HYDR
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Bleed Valve Failure
Bleed valve normally open when the eingine is shut down, during starting and at low powerIf the flag does not disappear at high power setting, the maximum engine power is reduced specifically by cold weather.If the flag does not reappear at low power setting the engine may surge. Avoid abrupt changed in power.
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
How many land immediately procedures are there? what are they?
Engine failure surging to divergence engine p engine fire fuel filter- ng oscillations tail rotor failure in a hover
What does Land as Soon as Possible mean?
Land at the nearest site where a safe landing can be made.
What does Land as Soon as Practical mean?
Proceed to the nearest airfield where you can get appropriate assitance.
When does the gong sound?
Any time a red warning light is illuminated.
Autorotation Over Water
Same as over land except:manuever between wind and waves, ditch with minimum forward airspeed and rate of descent, then:
Collective Pitch: Maintain
Emergency release handles: Pull Up
Rotor Brake: Apply
Which way will the helicopter yaw with Complete Loss of Tail Rotor thrust?
helicopter will yaw to the left