EOYE Y8 Flashcards
1
Q
Who was founder of Judaism?
A
Abraham
2
Q
Why did Abraham leave Ur?
A
He believed that there was one true god and that god had told him to leave Ur to find new land with his wife Sarah.
3
Q
What was the covenant?
A
A promise that god made to Abraham that:
- showed him land
- took care of him
- promised him a big family
4
Q
Where did Abraham and Sarah settle for 5yrs?
A
Haran, but moved to Canaan (promised land) but still had no son.
5
Q
Who did Abraham first have a child with?
A
Hagar, their handmaiden, as Sarah thought that she was too old to bear their child
6
Q
What was Canaan?
A
The promised land
7
Q
What was Hagar + Abraham’s child’s name? Why did nothing happen?
A
Ishmael. This wasn’t part of the covenant as the child had to be born from Sarah.
8
Q
Why was Isaac’s birth miraculous?
A
Sarah was very old, but was still able to bear him. The covenant was filled.
9
Q
Where in the Torah is Isaac’s sacrifice mentioned?
A
Genesis 22:1-13
10
Q
Why was the covenant renewed for Abraham?
A
When god told him to sacrifice Isaac, his only child, he goes to Moriah to do it, obeying god completely. This was a test of Abraham’s trust in god, and he is told he will have great descendants.
11
Q
How long did it take to get to Moriah from Canaan?
A
3 days
12
Q
Why is Isaac confused when they get to the gardens for the sacrifice?
A
He didn’t know that he was going to be sacrificed, and was confused as he didn’t see the animal for the sacrifice.
13
Q
What happens moments before Isaac is sacrificed?
A
The angel of god shouts from the sky and tells him to stop, and a ram appears to be sacrificed instead.
14
Q
What is the Hebrew name for circumcision?
A
Brit Milah
15
Q
What is circumcision?
A
The removal of the foreskin, the first Jewish rite of passage for boys.
16
Q
When must circumcision be carried out?
A
When the boy is 8 days old.
17
Q
What does god tell Abraham about circumcision?
A
He told Abraham that he must be circumcised, all men among him, all his male descendants and all boys of 8 days must be circumcised, as a physical, outward sign of the eternal covenant between Abraham, God, and in turn, the Jewish ppl.
18
Q
Mohel
A
A very religious member of the congregation who has dedicated their life to circumcision who carries out the circumcision.
19
Q
Sandek
A
A respected member of the congregation such as the grandfather who will hold the baby on their lap during the circumcision.
20
Q
Kvatters
A
A married couple chosen by the parents who carry the baby to the circumcision
21
Q
What happens in the ceremony of circumcision?
A
The Lady kvatter carries the baby on a cushion to where the men are and gives him to the male kvatter. The male kvatter places him on the chair of Elijah for a moment and then hands him to the sandek’s lap and baby is circumcised by Mohel. The baby is blessed and named the name that has been chosen by his parents. Then the baby is returned to his parents.
22
Q
Why is the baby placed on the chair of Elijah?
A
Jews believe that Elijah is present at all circumcisions and watches over them.
23
Q
When is Moses Mentioned in the Torah?
A
Exodus 1:1 - 4:17
24
Q
What happened in the early life of Moses?
A
Moses was born when the Israelites were slaves of the Egyptians. His mother placed him in a basket and put him down the Nile, and then he was found by an Egyptian princess, who raises him like her son as an Egyptian prince in secret from pharoah. Moses never forgot that he was an Israelite by origin.
25
What happens in the early adult life of Moses?
Moses discovers an Israelite slave has beaten to death by an Egyptian and kills the Egyptian. Knowing he’s in trouble, he runs away to the desert. He talks to god through a burning bush and he tells him to go back to Egypt and tell the pharaoh to free the slaves.
26
What is the scientific reasoning behind the Nile turning to blood?
Red fungi at the bottom of the Nile burst and set out toxic red spores so the Nile turns red and all the fish die.
27
Why was the Nile turned red?
God told Moses and Aaron to warn pharoah that the Nile would go red and all the fish in it would die if he didn’t free the slaves, but he refused and the Nile went red.
28
What was the scientific reasoning behind frogs being everywhere?
The frogs jumped out of the Nile to escape the poisonous water in the Nile.
29
Why did Moses make frogs go everywhere?
God told Moses to warn the the Pharaoh that if he didn’t free the slaves, he cover the land with frogs. He didn’t listen, and Aaron raised his stick and frogs covered land. God told Moses that if he prayed, the frogs would go away, and they all died.
30
What is the scientific reasoning behind gnats being everywhere?
The gnats followed the frogs in escaping the poisonous water of the nile.
31
Why did Moses make gnats fill the land?
God commanded Aaron to turn all the dust in Egypt to gnats if the Pharaoh didn’t free the slaves.
32
What is the scientific reasoning behind flies everywhere?
The frogs died and the flies were attracted to the dead bodies.
33
Why did god make flies go everywhere?
Pharaoh refused to let the slaves go, so the land was covered with flies, except in goshen, where the Israelites lived.
34
What is the scientific reasoning behind the disease of the animals?
Animals may have died because they were bitten by the flies who carried the poison from the frogs. They also could have drank the poisonous water of the Nile.
35
Why did god create the disease of the animals?
God commanded Moses to warn the pharaoh that if he didn’t free the slaves, all the animals would die except those of the Israelites.
36
What is the scientific reasoning behind boils on everyone?
Humans were immune to the disease of the animals, but the flies bit them and they came out in boils.
37
Why did god create boils?
God commanded Aaron and Moses to take a handful of ash from the fire pit and throw it up into the air and everyone would come out in boils.
38
What is the scientific reasoning behind hail?
A hail storm conveniently came just as Aaron lifted the stick up, but didn’t go to Goshen as some hail storms actually work like this.
39
Why did god make hail?
Moses told the pharaoh that god was mad at him as he hadn’t suffered from the previous plagues and was going to punish him. He told the pharaoh to protect his animals. Hail came everywhere but goshen.
40
What is the scientific reasoning behind locusts everywhere?
There are studies showing that locusts do actually follow hail storms in hot countries.
41
Why did god make locusts go everywhere?
Moses asked if he could take the Israelites, but when the pharaoh refused, he raised his stick and a swarm of locusts arrived and ate all the vegetation of Egypt.
42
What is the scientific reasoning behind darkness for 3 days?
Could have been a solar eclipse, or the locusts blocked the sun for 3 days.
43
Why did god make darkness for 3 days?
God commanded Moses to lift up his hand and allow darkness to descend onto the land if the pharaoh didn’t free the slaves.
44
What is the scientific reasoning behind the the death of the first born?
The first born was very important at that time and was often fed a lot to eat. The children may have been fed the infected meat of the diseased animals.
45
Why did god kill all the Egyptian firstborns?
Moses warned the pharaoh that all the firstborns would die if the slaves weren’t freed. All the doors of Israelite families were painted so that their boys were safe. All the Egyptian firstborns died.
46
How did Moses part the Red Sea?
When the pharaoh released the slaves, the slaves left in such a hurry that their bread didn’t have time to rise. Soon, the pharaoh changed his mind and sent an army after the slaves. When Moses + slaves got to the Red Sea, Moses lifted his stick and the sea parted. Once the Israelites were past the sea, Moses dropped his stick and the sea fell on the Egyptians
47
What is the Hebrew name for Passover?
Pesach
48
What does pesach celebrate?
Jewish holiday that celebrates the Israelites escape from slavery in Egypt
49
On what date does pesach occur?
14 Nisan
50
What can’t Jews have during pesach?
Chametz, the rising agent in food
51
What’s the symbolism of chametz?
- makes food rise/ puff up
- sort of like how we puff up with pride
- they get rid of it during pesach to show that they are completely reliant on god
52
How do Jews prepare for pesach?
- house is cleaned thoroughly
- special crockery + cutlery are brought out
- Chametz is searched for with a feather + candle, called the bedikat chametz
- food that is brought into the house must have hescher label kosher for pesach
53
What is bedikat chametz?
The search for cheated with a feather + candle
54
What meal is had during pesach?
Seder meal, where each part of the meal represents something
55
What does charoset symbolise?
- a paste of dry fruit + spices
- represents the cement the slaves used to build the pyramids
56
What do the 4 cups of wine represent?
- wine represents the blood of the Jews
- 4 cups = 4 promises that god made to slaves in genesis
57
What were the four promises that god made to the Israelites?
1. I will bring you out
2. I will free you
3. I will redeem you
4. I will take you as my own people
58
What does the mitzvah bread represent?
- represents that when the slaves were freed by pharaoh, they left so fast the bread didn’t even have time to rise
59
What do the bitter herbs represent?
Bitterness of slavery
60
What does the parsley represent?
Represents the fresh food god provided in the wilderness.
61
What does the lamb bone represent?
- normally the neck bone of a lamb or chicken
- reminds them of the offerings made in the ancient temples
- symbolises new life
62
What does the roasted egg represent?
- food at temple sacrifices
- symbolises new life
63
What does the salt water represent?
- some food is dipped in the salt water
- represents the tears of the slaves + Red Sea
64
What is the afikomen?
When children hunt around the house in search for a broken piece of matzot
65
What are the 10 commandments?
1. Don’t worship any other god
2. Don’t make sculptures + images and worship them
3. Don’t misuse god’s name
4. Don’t work on the sabbath or make others work on the sabbath
5. Respect your parents
6. Don’t Murder
7. Don’t commit adultery
8. Don’t steal
9. Don’t lie
10. Don’t be jealous
66
What is the name of the Jewish place of worship?
Synagogue
67
What will be found on the exterior of the synagogue?
The Star of David 🔯
68
What is the most important feature of the synagogue and why?
- the ark
- where the Torah scrolls are kept
69
Ner Tamid
- eternal light
- a candle always a kept burning to show that god is always here
70
Ark
Where the Torah scrolls are kept
71
Torah scrolls
- kept in the ark
- written in Hebrew by a scribe
72
Menorah
- seven branched candle
- represents the one in the temple of Jerusalem
73
Tablets with Ten Commandments on them
- normally are on top of the ark to remind Jews of them
74
Bimah
Platform in the centre of the synagogue where the Torah scrolls are read from. This is where the Torah scrolls are kept specifically.
75
Pulpit
The area around the bimah where the rabbi reads from
76
Pews
Where the men and women sit
- in orthodox, men sit below the women so men don’t get distracted by the women
- in reformed, men and women sit on same level but with a partition between them
77
Tallit
Prayer shawl with 613 tassels to represent each commandment in the Torah
78
Tefillin
Strap worn by Jewish men during morning prayer. It has 2 boxes containing words for the Shema that go on head + arm. It’s wrapped around arm 7 times
79
Define bar/bat mitzvah
Son or daughter of commandments
80
At what age does bat mitzvah happen?
At 12yrs old
81
At what age does bar mitzvah happen?
At 13yrs old
82
What is the bar/bat mitzvah?
The coming of age ceremony in Jews and signifies the child’s entry into adulthood and their covenant relationship with god. It signifies that the child is now respond for their own actions + religious education and they can now join a minyan
83
How does a boy prepare for his bar mitzvah?
- he will learn to read Hebrew
- he will learn about Jewish laws + religion
- he’ll have been trained by the rabbi of the synagogue about how to stand up in the synagogue to read aloud in Hebrew from Torah scrolls
84
What is order of events in bar mitzvah?
- Boy recites a blessing in Hebrew on Shabbat after his 13th birthday
- dad thanks good that his son is mature and that he no longer has responsibility over his son’s sins
- there will be a celebratory meal called Seudah after the ceremony
85
What is a minyan?
A group of ten people who have completed their bar/bat mitzvah
86
Does bat mitzvah happen in reform or orthodox?
Reform only
87
What do boys learn about in preparation for bar/bat mitzvah?
- Judaism + Hebrew laws
- upholding their religious + manly duties
- rabbi teaches them how to read in Hebrew
88
What do girls learn about in preparation for bat mitzvah?
Household duties + how to prepare a kosher meal or the Seder meal
89
What is the Hebrew name of the groom?
Chatan
90
What is the Hebrew name of the bride?
Kallah
91
What is the badeken, explain each part?
- the veiling ceremony of the kallah by the chatan
- small ceremony before the main marriage ceremony
- the rabbi checks an that this is the woman he wants to marry and then chatan veils the kallah
92
What is the symbolism of the badeken?
- veil symbolises modesty of kallah
- shows that chatan is marrying not for the external, but internal beauty of kallah
93
Chuppah
The canopy under which the chatan +kallah are married
94
What is the symbolism of the chuppah and the fact that the bride circles it 7 times?
- represents the privacy + shelter of the home that chatan + kallah will create
- circling of kallah: the world was built in 7 days, so kallah is symbolically building the walls of their new marriage
95
What is the order of events that occur under the chuppah?
- rabbi recites blessing over a cup of wine + kallah & chatan have a sip
- groom places ring on the brides finger
- ketubah is read
- sheva brachot
- groom & bride have the rest of the wine
- groom smashes glass unde his foot
96
What is the ketubah?
- marriage contract that sets out duties of Chatan to kallah
- kallah keeps it for their whole marriage
- symbolises that it’s a legal + moral commitment + spiritual union
97
What is the sheva brachot?
- 7 blessings chanted in Hebrew by rabbi that each thank god in a different way
-
98
What is the symbolism of the rings?
- circle = eternal
- simple with no gemstones to show simple beauty
99
What is the symbolism of chatan breaking glass?
- that the couple’s love can’t be contained in a vessel
- the temple’s destruction in Jerusalem
100
What happens in the reception of a Jewish wedding?
- the chatan + kallah are left in a room to spend time together
- seudat mitzvah = wedding feast
- hora = chair dance
- 7 blessings are read
- blessings after meal
101
Differences between forced and arranged marriage
- consent of both sides in arranged marriage, and the man + woman both have some say in the marriage. In forced, one side is forced to marry the other and are pressured to do so emotionally, physically or sexually
102
Who is the founder of Islam?
The prophet Muhammad
103
What happened when Muhammad was 6 yrs old?
His mother died, and he became an orphan and his grandfather took care of him
104
Who took care of Muhammad after his grandfather died?
His uncle Abu-Talib
105
When was Muhammad born?
570CE
106
What profession did Muhammad take up, what nickname was he given?
Merchant, like his uncle. He got the name Al-amin meaning “the trustorthy one”.
107
Who did Muhammad marry at 25yrs old? How many children did they have together?
Khadijah, a rich widow, and they had 6 children together
108
Where was Muhammad born?
Mecca, Arabia
109
What was the name of the monument where all the idols were kept? How many idols were there?
The Ka’ba contained 360 idols of different Arabian gods
110
What was the main occupation of people in Mecca? What were these people like?
Many people were merchants and they were extremely selfish and wasteful. They didn’t care about anything but themselves and money, and treated poorer people horribly
111
When was Muhammad born?
570 CE
112
When was the night of power? How old was Muhammad?
610CE, Muhammad was 40
113
Where did the night of power happen?
Mount Hira
114
Why did Muhammad often retreat to mount Hira?
It was a place where he could reflect on the polytheism of Arabia and the wastefulness of rich merchants in Arabia.
115
What is the name of the angel that appeared on mount Hira?
Angel Jibril
116
What did the angel Jibril command Muhammad to do?
Read the revelation from Allah
117
How long did these revelations continue for?
23 years
118
How did the night of power change Muhammad’s perception of Allah?
The night of power confirmed Muhammad’s belief in Allah
119
What were the days of ignorance and why were they called this?
The days of ignorance were when the people of Arabia were polytheistic and believed in more then one god. It was ignorance because they ignored the fact that Allah was their one true god in the eyes of Islam.
120
What were the messages that Muhammad began spreading all over Arabia?
1. There is only one god and you should worship this god only.
2. You must live according to the rules of this god.
3. There is more to life than money and wealth
4. There will be a judgement day when god will decide of you’ve lived to his standards or not
121
How did the common people of Arabia react to Muhammad’s messages?
- some felt ashamed, guilty and angry
- originally dismissed them, but eventually became more accepting as his ideas meant that there was more equality amongst them as rich merchants treated them badly
122
How did the rich merchants react to Muhammad’s messages?
They didn’t like his messages
- it meant that they would lose major sales as they set up stalls near Ka’ba, but if nobody bought idols or went to the Ka’ba, they would lose business
123
What tribe was Muhammad in?
Quryash tribe
124
When was the year of sorrow?
619AD
125
How did the year of sorrow get its name?
His wife, Khadijah and his uncle, Abu-Talib died
126
Why was it really bad for Muhammad that his uncle died? What did his uncle do for him?
His uncle was a respected elder of the Quryash and protected him from the Quryash tribe. Since he was dead, and the Quryash didn’t like his messages, they banned him from Mecca!
127
Where did Muhammad go after he left Mecca?
Ta’if
128
How did the people of Ta’if treat him?
They jeered at him and pelted him with stones.
129
Which two angels appeared when Muhammad was treated badly by the people of Ta’if?
The archangel Jibril and angel Malak al Jibal
130
What did Muhammad ask the angel of the mountain to do the people of Ta’if?
When the angel of the mountain asked whether he should crush the people of Ta’if with the mountains, he said no , but guide them so that one day they eventually serve his message
131
What is the Arab custom regarding protectors?
A person is safe as long as their protector lives
132
What is the Hijra?
Muhammad’s pilgrimage to Medina from Mecca.
133
Who did Muhammad go with to medina?
Abu-Bakr
134
How did Muhammad know to leave Mecca?
- god told him
- he was recieveing hostility from the Quryash
135
What did Muhammad arrange for a shepherd to do?
Cover his tracks south with his flock of sheep. He went south to escape the Quryash as they thought he was going north so he took a detour
136
Where did Muhammad and Abu-bark decide to hide out?
The cave of thawr
137
How long did they hide in the cave if thawr before the search party checked there?
3 days
138
What happened in the cave that was so significant?
When the people came to look for them, Muhammad said that there are not 2but 3 people in this cave (Allah). They didn’t see them as there was a spider web + dove nest covering the mouth of the cave
139
How long was the journey from the cave if thawr to medina?
7 days
140
When was the hijrah?
622AD
141
What was Muhammad’s welcome to medina like?
Grand, everyone liked him
142
How did Muhammad choose where to live?
His camel qawsra walked up to a house of an old man and he lived there
143
On what land did Muhammad build the prophet’s mosque?
Orphans were giving their land to him for free, but he still paid them lots of money
144
What is the special name for an area that obeys the rules of the Quran?
Ummah or a caliphate
145
When was the battle of badr?
624CE
146
How many people did the Muslims have?
313 soldiers and 70 camels and 3 horses
147
How many people did the meccans have?
1000 people and more horses
148
Why did the battle of badr happen?
The Muslims intercepted a caravan full of Quryash goods to make them reconsider their hostile actions. When the Quryash heard of this they waged war against them.
149
How long did the battle of badr last for?
A few hours = 6?
150
Why did the Muslims win?
1. 1000 angels came to help
2 meccans were tired and thirsty
3. Believed that god was on their side
151
What was the aftermath of the battle of badr?
Muhammad was accepted as true leader of medina. It was the first victory of the Muslims against the Makkans. The Muslims were famous.
152
What did Muhammad want to do in 628CE?
Visit the Ka’ba in Mecca
153
Why was visiting the Ka’ba in 628CE dangerous?
Dressed like pilgrims, the Muslims were east targets for the meccans, especially as the had no weapons
154
What did the peace treaty between Muhammad and the Muslims do?
Allowed him to visit the Ka’ba once a year every year after that, but the Meccans refused to accept Islam
155
What happened 2yrs after the peace treaty? What happened after?
The meccans attacked a group of Muslims and killed one. Muhammad marched over the Mecca with 10,000 men and captured Mecca with no bloodshed
