EOSA Psychology Flashcards
🌟 Motivation
1. What is Intrinsic Motivation?
Definition: Driven by internal rewards (e.g., curiosity, personal satisfaction).
Examples: Reading for fun, painting for self-expression, solving puzzles for enjoyment.
Benefits: Deep learning, long-term engagement, personal fulfillment.
- What is Extrinsic Motivation?
Definition: Driven by external rewards (e.g., money, praise).
Examples: Studying for grades, working overtime for a bonus, exercising for compliments.
Risk: May reduce internal interest if overused.
- What is Job Satisfaction?
Definition: Emotional response to one’s job, influencing productivity and well-being.
- What are the Key Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction?
Work environment, salary & benefits, colleagues, growth opportunities, recognition & security.
- What are the Implications of High Job Satisfaction?
High satisfaction = ⬆️ productivity, ⬇️ turnover/absenteeism.
- What are the Three Basic Psychological Needs?
Autonomy – Control over actions
Competence – Mastery and effectiveness
Relatedness – Connection with others
- What are the Motivators in Herzberg’s Theory?
Achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement.
- What are Hygiene Factors in Herzberg’s Theory?
Salary, work conditions, company policy, job security.
What is the Role of Motivators and Hygiene Factors?
Motivators drive fulfillment, while hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but don’t motivate on their own.
- What is Short-Term Memory (STM)?
Duration: ~20–30 seconds, Capacity: 7±2 items.
Example: Remembering a phone number temporarily.
What is Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
Explicit (Declarative): Conscious (facts/events).
Implicit (Non-declarative): Unconscious (skills).
What are Types of Amnesia?
Retrograde Loss of old memories Forgetting childhood after accident
Anterograde Can’t form new memories Can’t remember recent conversation
- What is Classical Conditioning?
Definition: Learning via association.
Example: Dog salivates at bell after pairing with food.
What is Operant Conditioning?
Definition: Learning via consequences.
Examples: Positive Reinforcement (praise for homework), Punishment (speeding fine).
What is Observational Learning?
Definition: Learning by observing others.
Example: Bobo doll experiment—kids imitated aggression.
What are the Types of Multiple Intelligences?
Linguistic Word-smart Writers, poets
Logical-Mathematical Problem-solvers Scientists
Spatial Visual skills Artists
Musical Rhythm and pitch Musicians
Bodily-Kinesthetic Physical coordination Dancers, athletes
Interpersonal Understand others Counselors
Intrapersonal Self-awareness Psychologists
Naturalistic Nature-aware Biologists
What are the Levels of Consciousness in Freud’s Theory?
Conscious: Present thoughts
Preconscious: Easily recalled memories
Unconscious: Deep instincts, repressed desires
What are the Psychosexual Stages in Freud’s Theory?
Stage Age Focus Fixation Outcome
Oral 0–1 Sucking/biting Dependency
Anal 1–3 Toilet training Orderliness or messiness
Phallic 3–6 Gender identity Oedipus/Electra complex
Latency 6–12 Social skills Dormant sexual energy
Genital 12+ Maturity Healthy relationships
What are Personality Disorders?
Enduring, inflexible patterns that impair function and deviate from norms.
What are the Clusters of Personality Disorders?
Cluster A (Odd/Eccentric): Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal.
Cluster B (Dramatic/Erratic): Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic.
Cluster C (Anxious/Fearful): Avoidant, Dependent, OCPD.
