EOS 2019 things to learn Flashcards
birds calcium during breeding season
raised by 2-4%
Hair analysis is useful for?
heavy metals and drug testing
what is urine sampling used for
diagnosing excess/deficiencies of minerals
big head
low blood calcium from too much P
Energy units for horses
DE (digestible energy)
what causes typing up in horse?
excess energy
horse work energy increases
light 25%
medium 50%
Heavy 100%
what is not destroyed by heat in protein meals
Biotoxins = myotoxins
As horses excursive their need for energy and protein increase, the BEST way to meet this need is to
include a higher quality protein in their diet
foregut fermenter which diet is best?
Highly fibrous plant material and some starch and protein
which of the following dietary changes would most likely reduce milk fat % in a lactating cow
excessive proportion of starch and fat in the DM
Non-fibre carbohydrates component in a dary cow PMR diet can most easily be increased by mixing in
more distillers or brewer grain
Ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cattle is most likely caused by
an increase in lactic acid producing bacteria compared to fibre degrading bacteria
remember that NDF Max = 1.2%
650 x 0.012 = 7.8
7.8/55 = 14.18kg
weaning beef calves
modify date of weaning each year to achieve a trade-off between optimising the body condition fo the dam at next mating and optimising calf live weight before weaning
explained early weaning beef
Drenching and vax and moving to worm free pasture is too much management
150kg, is very large, usually weaned at 100kg
correct = doing bare minimum of giving extra supplements, compared to if it were older
when is pasture providing the best growth rate
when its growing rapidly
Not
- flowering and seeding
- maximum DM content - as the energy is less accessible
- reaching maximal DM content per Ha
Nutritional management of options for beef
Being flexible with time of weaning according to the length of the pasture growth season
Dairy efficiency management
Supplementation
culling cows
always look at metabolised energy first
Compensatory growth is most likely to occur in growing steers grazing
High quality pasture after several months of feed restriction through the dry season
- as the weight goes up and down but overall up
- if constant supplementation = just mostly maintaining very little going up
LARGEST component of pig and poultry diets
Grain
Lucerne hay
Ca and protein
Soybean
high protein
what’s the issue with grain
it is a NSP (constructed polypeptide) = so it is not as accessible
limestone
calcium
Explain chicken FCR and FCE
FCR – > feed/A weight = whole number = lower the better
Efficiency –> A weight/Feed = decimal = higher the better
phase feeding in pigs
The use of a series of diets to match the nutrient requirements of a pig as it progresses in age
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs)
Wheat, rye and grain legumes
corn or maize
energy
soybean
protein
Sorghum
energy
vitamin A
eyes
Vitamin D
bones ricketts
Vitamin E
with selenium = muscle issues
Vitamin K
Colagulation
polutry food:water = 1:2
pigs 1:2.5/3.5
Laying hens, which statement most correctly describes the relationship between temperature and dietary energy requirements?
Hens decrease their feed intake as temperature increase and protein level should be increased
monensin
antibiotic
kernels discoloured and appear lighter in weight than normal
mycotoxin
feeding regime for a breeding beef cow in northern Australia winter (dry season)
tropical grass = northern
constant access to molasses/urea lick
dry= phosphorus wet = nitrogen
weight control and growing to a prescribed growth cure in broiler breeder is used for?
increased egg production
decrease the coefficient of variation
reduce fatty liver syndrome
Chicken feed by age
young chickens = crumble
over 2 weeks = grower + finisher = pellet
vitamin definiton
components of metabolism
Dry lick containing 25% urea
wheat grain
chicken energy
lucerne hay
richest source of calcium for ruminants
urea
protein
molasses
energy + sulfur, appetite stimulator
in cold and humid condition pigs
increase intake
Biological value low
imbalance in amino acid profile
depresses Vit B12 production
colbolt
Causes white muscle disease
selenium
affects gluthione peroxidase
vit E
Depresses vitamin D3 production
rickets
in an energy balance diet the efficiency conversion of MP into wool in a sheep is low computed to that for growth or lactation because
the proteins retained in growth and lactation have a closer amino acid profile or balance to microbial crude protein than the proteins retained ni wool
metabolised energy definiton
DM intake and digestibility
EXPLAIN THE GRAPH
beef vs dairy in starch
more stach = more energy = lactating
beef vs dairy which has the higher concentration of NDF
beef lower
when are grazing cattle most likely to respond to phosphorus (P) supplements
when pasture is abundant , with adequate available energy and protein by deficient P
because = energy needs to balanced first
the most common supplementations of beef cattle
Urea = nitrogen = dry = maintain weight Phosphorus = wet = supplement but ME and MP first
cotton seed meal compared to grain
amino acids from cotton seed
most common trace elements deficiencies in Australia soils and therefore pastures
Copper, cobalt and selenium
- phosphorus = not trace
explain milk fever
look in the lectures
frothy bloat causes
excessive intake of soul protein for example immature lucerne pastures
high intake of immature forage sorghum increases risk of
nitrate positing
NDF maximin for dairy cattle
NDF = 20-25%
maintaining beef prior to selling
