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Pediatrics > EOR pearls > Flashcards

EOR pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Birth vaccines

A

Hep B #1 at birth-4 weeks

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2
Q

Vaccines: 1 mo

A

Hep B #2

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3
Q

Vaccines: 2 mo

A

DTaP/HiB/IPV
Prevnar 13 #1
Rotavirus

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4
Q

Vaccines: 4 mo

A

DTaP/HIB/IPV
Prevnar 13 #2
Rotavirus

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5
Q

Vaccines: 6 mo

A

DTaP/HIB/IPV
Prevnar 13 #3
Rotavirus
Flu

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6
Q

Vaccines: 9 mo

A

Hep B #3

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7
Q

Vaccines: 12 mo

A

MMR
Varicella
Hep A #1

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8
Q

Vaccines: 15 mo

A

Prevnar 13 #4

HIB #4

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9
Q

Vaccines: 18 mo

A

DTaP

Hep A #2 (min 6 mo from 1)

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10
Q

Vaccines: 24 mo

A

Hep A # 2 if not gotten at 18 mo

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11
Q

Vaccines: 30 mo

A

Hep A #2 if needed

Prevnar 13 # 4 if needed

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12
Q

Vaccines: >4 yo

A

DTaP/IPV booster
MMR booster
Varicella booster

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13
Q

Vaccines: >5yo

A

Varicella booster (if not received at age 4)

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14
Q

Vaccines: >11 yo

A

TDaP
Meningococcal
HPV (3 doses- 0, 1-2, and 6 mo)

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15
Q

Vaccines: > 16yo

A

Meningococcal booster

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16
Q

Telogen effluvium

A

Telogen effluvium is a condition of hair thinning that can occur at any age. It is a reaction to a physical or mental stressor. A normal scalp has 10 percent to 15 percent of hairs in the telogen phase at any time, resulting in a normal shedding of 50 to 100 hairs per day. Increased shedding of hairs occurs in telogen effluvium. This results in more hairs being shifted into the telogen phase more quickly. A hair pull with microscopy is the diagnostic test that will indicate an increase in hairs in the telogen phase.

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17
Q

Epiglottitis: etioloties

A

H. influenzae, Strep pneumo, group A strep

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18
Q

epiglottitis treatment

A

racemic epinephrine nebulizer + oxygen + antibiotics

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19
Q

Jones fracture

A

avulsion injury of 5th metatarsal

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20
Q

most common congenital heart condition:

A

VSD

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21
Q

Tet spell

A

When a child has tetrology of fallot there are often intermittent periods of cyanosis assosiated with feeding and crying.

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22
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot: defects

A

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta

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23
Q

How does tetralogy of fallot present

A

usually intermittent cyanosis during the first year of life. On exam there will be pretty loud systolic ejection murmur over the L 3rd interspace that radiates to the posterior lung fields.

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24
Q

Diagnostic for diabetes:

A

A1c > 6.5% (5.7-6.4 is preDM)
OR
fasting plasma glucose > 126g/dl (100-125 is preDM) (only once if sx are present).

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25
Q

Marfan syndrome presentation:

A

Often in adolescence. Slender fingers, flexible joints, easy sprains are most obvious on presentation. Most severe complications come from valvular heart disease.

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26
Q

Granuloma annulare

A

A benign, self-limited condition characterized by annular lesions- look like tinea without the central scale and pruritis. They begin as small, shiny skin colored dermal papules that enlarge over time with central clearing. There are no epidermal manifestations. GA commonly occurs over bony surfaces, such as the shins or dorsa of the hands. It is frequently misdiagnosed as tinea corporis; however, the absence of epidermal scaling helps rule out this diagnosis.

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27
Q

What micronutrient will an infant become deficient in if breastfed and not supplemented?

A

Iron- will deplete stores by 5-6 months.

28
Q

Koplik spot

A

a blue-white papule with surrounding erythema appearing on the oral mucosa. This is a pathognemonic finding for Measles.

29
Q

Measles presentation

A

Exanthem: Macular and papular rash involving the face, arms, legs, trunk

Enanthem: Cough, fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, coryza

30
Q

coryza

A

A word for “inflammation of the mucous membrane of hte nose” aka rhinitis

31
Q

Croup: etiology

A

Parainfluenza

32
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: When does it occur, and how is it managed?

A

Can occur after resolution of viral illness. Will cause petechiae and purpura. ALWAYS treat a platelet count

33
Q

Bronchiectasis- def, etiology

A

Bronchiectasis is an abnormal dilation of the proximal and medium-sized bronchi (>2 mm in diameter) caused by weakening or destruction of the muscular and elastic components of the bronchial walls. Affected areas may show a variety of changes, including transmural inflammation, edema, scarring, and ulceration, among other findings. Distal lung parenchyma may also be damaged secondary to persistent microbial infection and frequent postobstructive pneumonia.

Typically it occurs in kids with CF. Etiology is S. Pneumo

34
Q

Hgb A2

A

A normal Hgb variant with 2 alpha and 2 delta chains. It is elevated in sickle cell,

35
Q

Hgb A1

A

aka Hgb A- normal Hgb with two alpha and 2 beta chains. It will be low in beta thalassemia minor and absent in beta thalassemia major (ONLY HgF).

36
Q

Hgb Barts

A

Defective Hgb- 4 gamma chains that precipitate. It occurs in Alpha Thallassemia

37
Q

Acute tonsillitis: etiology

A

GAS, then GCS, then Strep pneumo

38
Q

Heterophile antibody

A

In rapid monoSPOT test, this is the actual molecule being detected.

39
Q

Most common leukemia in children?

A

ALL

40
Q

Most common etiology of acute bacterial meningitis in kids:

A

(1) Strep pneumo (despite vaccination); (2) HiB; (3) N meningitides. In Neonates, Listeria is an important cause.

41
Q

Tx for acute bacterial meningitis in child > 1 mo:

A

Vancomycin bid + ceftriaxone bid

42
Q

Tx for acute bacterial meningitis in a child

A

Ampicillin qid + Cefotaxime

43
Q

Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever:

A 
(2) major OR (1) major + (2) minor
Major: 
Polyarthritis
carditis
erythema marginatum,
subQ nodules
Sydenham chorea
Minor:
fever
arthralgia
ESR or CRP elevation
prolonged P-R Interval
44
Q

Hemophelia B

A

factor IX deficiency.

45
Q

Tanner stages: Female

A

I: Prepubescent
II: Breast budding; sparse fine hair
III: enlargement of breast and alveola without difference in contour; pigmented curly hair on mons
IV: Areola papillae formation (areola has different contour than rest of breast); courser with labia coverd
V: Mature breast with alveola contour=breast contour; hair spreads to medial thighs

46
Q

Infant growth rules:

A

Birth weight by 2 weeks; double birth weight by 4 months; triple by 1 year.

47
Q

Genu varum

A

bowleggedness

48
Q

Genu valgum

A

knock-kneed

49
Q

Still’s murmur

A

Most common innocent murmur in newborns up to 3-6 yo. Loudest supine, may disappear with valsalva.

50
Q

12 hour old newborn with jaundice, microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly likely has congenital…

A

CMV infection. THis is the most common neonatal vertical infection.

51
Q

Retinal hemmorrhage in an infant suggests…

A

child abuse.

52
Q

Acne severity: non-inflammatory def and treatment

A

Open and closed comedones. Treat with topical retinoid. Treat with topical retinoid (tretinoin, Adapalene, Tazorotene)

53
Q

Acne severity: mild inflammatory

A

comedones + few papules and pustules. Give topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide

54
Q

Acne severity: moderate inflammatory

A

comedones, papules, pustules, and few nodules. Give topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide, AND oral or topical antibiotic. Use oral if nodules are present, topical if not. Switch topical to oral antibiotic if ineffective.

55
Q

Acne severity: severe inflammatory

A

comedones, papules, pustules, many nodules, SCARRING. If nodules are present, treat with isotretinoin (accutane), topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide.

56
Q

Newborn, cyanotic with feeding, systolic ejection click and systolic murmur over L 2nd interspace… name the congenital defect

A

Congenital pulmonic stenosis. Intervention is balloon angioplasty if symptomatic. May be part of tetrology of fallot.

57
Q

ALL symptoms/signs:

A

low fever, lethargy, fatigue, petechiae on lower extremeties, pallor, BONE PAIN, weight loss

58
Q

Tx of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Olopatadine opthalmic- Mast cell stabilizer

59
Q

bronchiolitis

A

cough, low fever, mild tachypnea, nasal flaring, resp distress in CHILD

60
Q

Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and diagnostic findings

A

Presents like RA in a child, with symmetric nodules of hands (5+ joints) sparing the DIPs. Xray will show erosions. RF may be positive or negative.

61
Q

Why shouldn’t parents use soap to wash infant’s faces?

A

Infant atopic dermatitis frequently occurs in response to soap. Just was them with water on face. Use moisturizer, and topical hydrocortisone.

62
Q

Acne rosacea symptoms:

A

Pustules and red bumps on face, worsened by spicy food, heat, and EtOH

63
Q

Rash that looks like tinea but history started with a single large spot on trunk. Mild pruritis.

A

Pityriasis rosea

64
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpura: signs and symptoms

A

Commonly described as palpable purpura. It is precipitated by an upper respiratory infection and can also be associated with abdominal pain and joint pain.

65
Q

Murmur heard over apex increased by isometric hands grip exercises is…

A

Mitral regurgitation

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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