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EOR Flashcards

1
Q

A measure of the amount of acidic components present in a crude oil

A

acid number

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2
Q

In a system with two immiscible fluids in contact with a solid, the difference in the two fluid-solid surface tensions

A

adhesion tension

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3
Q

The property of some solids and liquids to attract a liquid or a gas to their surfaces

A

adsorption

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4
Q

An enhanced oil recovery technique in which an alkaline chemical such as sodium hydroxide, sodium orthosilicate or sodium carbonate is injected during polymer flooding or waterflooding operations

A

alkaline flooding

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5
Q

A chemical enhanced oil recovery flood that uses two sources of surfactant and a polymer

A

ASP flooding / alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding

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6
Q

A specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids, expressed in degrees

A

API gravity

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7
Q

In a reservoir waterflood or other fluid injection using a well pattern, the fraction of the pattern area from which reservoir fluid is displaced by the injected phase at the time of breakthrough

A

areal displacement efficiency / areal sweep efficiency

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8
Q

The minimum concentration of solvent injected into a reservoir oil at a given test pressure and temperature that causes asphaltene particles to precipitate from the oil

A

asphaltene onset concentration

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9
Q

As pressure decreases, the pressure at a given test temperature that first causes asphaltene to precipitate from a reservoir fluid

A

asphaltene onset pressure

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10
Q

The flocculation of asphaltene particles from reservoir fluid

A

asphaltene precipitation

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11
Q

Organic materials consisting of aromatic and naphthenic ring compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen molecules

A

asphaltenes

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12
Q

A laboratory test to determine the phase envelope between oil and enriched gas

A

backward multiple-contact test

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13
Q

The pumping of a specific amount of treatment fluid, such as cement slurry, stimulation fluid, well completion fluid or chemical corrosion inhibitor

A

batch treatment

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14
Q

A type of corrosion in which two different metals are placed in contact in a corrosive environment

A

bimetallic corrosion

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15
Q

A dimensionless group used in analysis of fluid flow that characterizes the ratio of gravitational forces to surface or interfacial tension forces

A

Bond number / Eötvös number

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16
Q

A description of reservoir conditions under which a fluid, previously isolated or separated from production, gains access to a producing wellbore

A

breakthrough

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17
Q

An oil or gas accumulation that has matured to a production plateau or even progressed to a stage of declining production

A

brownfield

v

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18
Q

The pressure and temperature conditions at which the first bubble of gas comes out of solution in oil

A

bubble point

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19
Q

A dimensionless group used in analysis of fluid flow that characterizes the ratio of viscous forces to surface or interfacial tension forces

A

capillary number

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20
Q

A technique used to minimize the rate of corrosion of a structure

A

cathodic protection

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21
Q

A general term for injection processes that use special chemical solutions

A

chemical flooding

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22
Q

A general term for injection processes that use special chemical solutions to improve oil recovery, remove formation damage, clean blocked perforations or formation layers, reduce or inhibit corrosion, upgrade crude oil, or address crude oil flow-assurance issues

A

chemical injection

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23
Q

The change in the Gibbs free energy (G) of a system when an infinitesimally small amount of a component is added under constant pressure (P) and temperature (T) while keeping the mass of the other components of the system unchanged

A

chemical potential

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24
Q

A type of damage in which formation permeability is reduced because of the alteration of clay equilibrium

A

clay swelling

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25
Q

An enhanced oil recovery method in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is injected into a reservoir to increase production by reducing oil viscosity and providing miscible or partially miscible displacement of the oil

A

CO2 injection

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26
Q

Any thin material, liquid or powder, which, applied over a structure, forms a continuous film to protect against corrosion

A

coating

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27
Q

A void in the pipe coating

A

coating flaw

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28
Q

An in situcombustion technique in which water is injected simultaneously or alternately with air into a formation

A

COFCAW / wet combustion / in situ steam generation

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29
Q

An insoluble organic deposit that has low hydrogen content, formed by thermal cracking and distillation during in-situ combustion

A

coke / pyrobitumen

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30
Q

A non-thermal primary process for producing heavy oil, continuous production of sand improves the recovery of heavy oil from the reservoir

A

CHOPS / cold heavy oil production with sand

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31
Q

In matrix stimulation, a characteristic of rock that indicates formation permeability is not reduced when treating fluids and their additives contact the formation minerals or fluids inside the reservoir

A

compatibility

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32
Q

A natural gas liquid with a low vapor pressure compared with natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas

A

condensate

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33
Q

A laboratory test usually performed as part of a routine PVT analysis that measures the change in volume of a reservoir fluid as a function of pressure

A

constant composition expansion

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34
Q

The angle of intersection of the interface between two fluids at a solid surface

A

contact angle

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35
Q

A laboratory test in which a fluid or combination of fluids is injected into a sample of rock

A

coreflooding

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36
Q

The loss of metal due to chemical or electrochemical reactions, which could eventually destroy a structure

A

corrosion

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37
Q

The measures used to prevent or considerably reduce the effects of corrosion

A

corrosion control

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38
Q

A type of corrosion in which the metal components of a structure fail due to cyclic stresses applied in a corrosive environment, such as salt water

A

corrosion fatigue

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39
Q

In matrix treatments, a chemical added to acid that adsorbs on the pipe surface to form a protective film

A

corrosion inhibitor

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40
Q

The weight loss of a corrosion coupon after exposure to a corrosive environment, expressed as mils (thousandths of an inch) per year penetration

A

corrosion rate

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41
Q

A chemical used in small quantities to improve the effectiveness of a primary solvent in a chemical process

A

cosolvent

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42
Q

A chemical added to a process to enhance the effectiveness of a surfactant

A

cosurfactant

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43
Q

A near-wellbore area where injected fluids such as acids can restore original permeability

A

critical matrix

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44
Q

A technique for measuring a signal that is broadcast from a transmitter or source located in one well, to a receiver array placed in a neighboring well

A

crosswell tomography / interwell tomography

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45
Q

Natural or induced production impairments that can develop in the reservoir, the near-wellbore area, the perforations, the gravel-pack completion or the production pipelines, such as the tubing

A

damage

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46
Q

The ability of a chemical agent to remove a contaminant from a solid surface

A

detergency

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47
Q

Thepressureat which the first condensateliquid comes out of solution in a gas condensate

A

dew point

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48
Q

The process by which particles move over time within a material due to their kinetic motion

A

diffusion

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49
Q

A common coating problem in which the protective coating detaches from the pipeline

A

disbonding

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50
Q

Spatial separation of components within a fluid, driven by diffusion, mixing or differential flow

A

dispersion

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51
Q

The fraction of oil that has been recovered from a zone swept by a waterflood or other displacement process

A

displacement efficiency

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52
Q

The interface between an injectant and the fluid it is displacing

A

displacement front / flood front

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53
Q

The process of forcing a nonwetting phase into a porous rock

A

drainage

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54
Q

An in situ combustion technique in which only air or oxygen-enriched air mixtures are injected into a formation

A

dry combustion

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55
Q

A type of in situ combustion in which the burning front moves in the same direction as the injected air

A

dry forward combustion

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56
Q

A dynamic fluid-mixing process in which an injected gas exchanges components with in situ oil until the phases achieve a state of miscibility within the mixing zone of the flood front

A

dynamic miscibility / multiple-contact miscibility

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57
Q

With reference to formation evaluation, the layer between a clay particle and the formation water that has a particular distribution of ions

A

electrical double layer

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58
Q

An instrument used in a corrosion testing to determine metal loss

A

electrical resistance probe

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59
Q

A process to increase thermal energy in a reservoir using electromagnetic means

A

electromagnetic heating

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60
Q

A type of damage in which there is a combination of two or more immiscible fluids, including gas, that will not separate into individual components

A

emulsion

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61
Q

A dispersion of droplets of one liquid in another liquid with which it is incompletely miscible

A

emulsion

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62
Q

An oil recovery enhancement method using sophisticated techniques that alter the original properties of oil

A

EOR / enhanced oil recovery

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63
Q

The adjustments that must be made to log measurements to bring them back to the standard conditions for which the tool has been characterized

A

environmental corrections

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64
Q

An equation that specifies fluid density as a function of pressure and temperature

A

equation of state

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65
Q

A type of corrosion produced when easily removed scales (such as iron carbonate) that were initially protecting the metals in the pipe are eroded and the underlying metals are corroded

A

erosion corrosion

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66
Q

The amount of oil and gas expected to be economically recovered from a reservoir or field by the end of its producing life

A

estimated ultimate recovery

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67
Q

A corrosion by-product [FeS2] formed when hydrogen sulfide [H2S] contacts the iron [Fe] present in steel

A

ferrous sulfide / iron oxide

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68
Q

A condition whereby the interface of two fluids, such as oil and water, bypasses sections of reservoir as it moves along, creating an uneven, or fingered, profile

A

fingering / viscous fingering

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69
Q

A method of thermal recovery in which a flame front is generated in the reservoir by igniting a fire at the sandface of an injection well

A

fire flooding

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70
Q

A condition of two fluids that are miscible that is, they form a single phase when mixed in any proportion when first brought into contact at a given pressure and temperature

A

first-contact miscibility

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71
Q

An injection pattern in which four input or injection wells are located at the corners of a square and the production well sits in the center

A

five spot

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72
Q

Also known as injection pattern, the particular arrangement of production and injection wells

A

flooding pattern

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73
Q

An acid mixture that generates more hydrofluoric [HF] acid as the HF is consumed

A

fluoboric acid

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74
Q

An enhanced oil recovery process in which foam is injected into a reservoir to improve the sweep efficiency of a driving fluid

A

foam flooding

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75
Q

An additive used in preparation of foam used as a drilling fluid

A

foaming agent

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76
Q

Natural or inducedproductionimpairments that can develop in thereservoir, the near-wellbore area or the perforations

A

formation damage

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77
Q

An organic acid [HCOOH] used in oil- and gas-well stimulation treatments

A

formic acid

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78
Q

A laboratory test to determine the phase envelope between lean gas and oil by equilibrating a gas sample several times with fresh samples of oil

A

forward multiple-contact test

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79
Q

Materials used to provide cathodic protection, made of metals such as zinc, magnesium or aluminum, which corrode more easily than the structure, thus developing enough electric current flow through the electrolyte (such as soils or water)

A

galvanic anodes

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80
Q

A type of reservoir-drive mechanism in which the energy for the transport and production of reservoir fluids is provided by the expansion of gas either in the gas cap or inside the oil phase

A

gas cap drive

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81
Q

The least common primary recovery mechanism in which the force of gravity pushes hydrocarbons out of the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface

A

gravity drainage

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82
Q

A phenomenon of multiphase flow in a reservoir in which a less dense fluid flows preferentially on the top of a reservoir unit and a more dense fluid flows at the bottom

A

gravity override

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83
Q

A frontal advance in which gravity and viscous forces are in equilibrium, resulting in a stable, highly efficient frontal advance

A

gravity-stable displacement

84
Q

The chemical formula for the compound hydrogen chloride

A

HCl

85
Q

Crude oil with high viscosity (typically above 10 cp), and high specific gravity

A

heavy oil / viscous oil

86
Q

An enhanced oil recovery process utilizing compressed air that is injected into a reservoir

A

high-pressure air injection

87
Q

A method of thermal recovery in which hot water is injected into a reservoir through specially distributed injection wells

A

hot waterflooding

88
Q

Slang term for a cyclic process in which a well is injected with a recovery enhancement fluid and, after a soak period, the well is put back on production

A

huff and puff

89
Q

A poisonous liquid acid composed of hydrogen and fluorine

A

hydrofluoric acid

90
Q

A type of hydrogen-induced failure produced when hydrogen atoms enter low-strength steels that have macroscopic defects, such as laminations

A

hydrogen blistering

91
Q

The process whereby hydrogen causes steel components to become less resistant to breakage and generally much weaker in tensile strength

A

hydrogen embrittlement

92
Q

A type of corrosion produced when a metal absorbs hydrogen atoms

A

hydrogen induced failures

93
Q

A corrosion test instrument mainly used in sour systems (for example, hydrogen sulfide or other sulfide rich environments) to determine qualitatively or semiquantitatively the corrosion of a structure

A

hydrogen probe

94
Q

A number on the scale of one to 40 according to the HLB system, introduced by Griffin (1949 and 1954)

A

HLB number / hydrophile-lipophile balance number

95
Q

Pertaining to an attraction for water by the surface of a material or a molecule

A

hydrophilic

96
Q

Pertaining to a repulsion of water by the surface of a material or a molecule

A

hydrophobic

97
Q

The process of absorbing a wetting phase into a porous rock

A

imbibition

98
Q

Pertaining to a condition in which two fluids are incapable of forming molecularly distributed mixtures or attaining homogeneity at that scale

A

immiscible

99
Q

Materials to provide cathodic protection, relatively inert to corrosion and require an external power source to generate the electric current that will bring cathodic protection to the structure

A

impressed current anodes

100
Q

A method for recovering additional oil beyond fluid expansion, rock compressibility, gravitational drainage, pressure decline and natural waterdrive or gasdrive

A

improved oil recovery

101
Q

A method of thermal recovery in which fire is generated inside the reservoir by injecting a gas containing oxygen, such as air

A

in situ combustion

102
Q

A type of damage in which foreign particles injected during normal well operations, such as drilling, completion, workover, stimulation or enhanced recovery, block the near-wellbore formation, reducing well productivity

A

induced particle plugging

103
Q

The addition of wells in a field that decreases average well spacing

A

infill drilling

104
Q

The particular arrangement of production and injection wells

A

injection pattern

105
Q

A property of the interface between two immiscible phases

A

interfacial tension

106
Q

An injection pattern in which four production wells are located at the corners of a square and the injector well sits in the center

A

inverted five spot

107
Q

Aerobic bacteria that convert iron from the ferrous [Fe+2] to the ferric [Fe+3] state and produce ferric hydroxide [Fe(OH)3], which is a highly insoluble by-product that will damage the formation

A

iron-oxidizing bacteria

108
Q

An injection pattern in which the injection wells are located in a straight line parallel to the production wells

A

line drive

109
Q

Pertaining to an attraction for oil by a surface of a material or a molecule

A

lipophilic

110
Q

A phenomenon encountered during dry forward combustion in which an oil zone around the production well cannot be pushed forward by the heated oil

A

liquid blocking

111
Q

An enhanced oil recovery method that uses water with a low concentration of dissolved salts as a flooding medium

A

low-salinity waterflooding

112
Q

An enhanced oil recovery technique in which a micelle solution is pumped into a reservoir through specially distributed injection wells

A

micellar polymer flooding

113
Q

An ordered aggregate of surfactant molecules formed when the surfactant concentration in a solution reaches a critical point, thus lowering the free energy of the system

A

micelle

114
Q

the minimum quantity of additional components, such as intermediate-chain gases or CO2, that must be added to aninjection gasto reachfirst-contact miscibility with areservoir fluid at a given temperature and pressure

A

MMC / MME

115
Q

The ratio of effective permeability to phase viscosity. The overall mobility is a sum of the individual phase viscosities

A

mobility

116
Q

In chemical flooding, a fluid stage, normally water thickened with a polymer, pumped between the micellar or alkaline chemical solution and the final water injection

A

mobility buffer

117
Q

A condition in oil recovery processes whereby the mobility of the injectant is lower than that of the oil or preceding chemical slug, leading to a stable displacement by the injectant

A

mobility control / sweep efficiency

118
Q

The mobility of an injectant divided by that of the fluid it is displacing, such as oil

A

mobility ratio

119
Q

Abbreviation for mils (thousandths of an inch) per year penetration, a unit of measurement for the corrosion rate of a coupon

A

mpy

120
Q

A process whereby nitrogen gas is injected into an oil reservoir to increase the oil recovery factor

A

nitrogen injection

121
Q

A production or injection well that has a lateral or diagonal displacement with respect to the other wells in an injection pattern

A

off pattern well

122
Q

The portion of a reservoir where the oil saturation is increased because of the application of an improved oil recovery method

A

oil bank

123
Q

A strip-mining process involving the removal and subsequent processing of tar sand from shallow reservoirs containing heavy, viscous oil

A

oil mining

124
Q

An expansion in oil volume that can occur when a solvent contacts a reservoir fluid

A

oil swelling

125
Q

Pertaining to the preference of a solid to be in contact with an oil phase rather than a water or gas phase

A

oil wet

126
Q

A type of organic fluid, such as acetic or formic acid, used in oil and gas well-stimulation treatments

A

organic acid

127
Q

A type of damage in which heavy hydrocarbons precipitate when temperature or pressure is reduced

A

organic deposit

128
Q

A set of techniques used to prevent or considerably reduce paraffin deposition

A

paraffin control

129
Q

A chemical injected into the wellbore to prevent or minimize paraffin deposition

A

paraffin inhibitor

130
Q

The degree of solubilization of a solute into each of multiple immiscible phases at equilibrium

A

partitioning

131
Q

A standard laboratory instrument used to measure interfacial tension, particularly applicable to relatively high interfacial tensions, but with care can measure down to approximately 1 mN/m

A

pendant-drop tensiometer

132
Q

A type of corrosion in which there is loss of metal in localized areas

A

pitting

133
Q

A polymer with a high molecular weight

A

polyacrylamide

134
Q

An enhanced oil recovery technique using water viscosified with soluble polymers

A

polymer flooding

135
Q

A carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides

A

polysaccharide

136
Q

A reaction by-product. In sandstone acidizing, the reaction between hydrofluoric acids [HF] or spent HF acids with formation minerals can precipitate nondamaging products, such as silica, borosilicates or fluoborates

A

precipitate

137
Q

A fluid stage, normally hydrochloric acid [HCl], pumped ahead of the main treating fluid (mixture of hydrofluoric [HF] and hydrochloric [HCl] or organic acids) in a sandstone matrix-stimulation treatment

A

preflush

138
Q

In chemical flooding, a fluid stage, normally low-salinity water, pumped ahead of the micellar or alkaline chemical solution

A

preflush

139
Q

A graphical representation indicating phase behavior for variation of saturation pressure and injection gas concentration at a given temperature

A

pressure-composition diagram

140
Q

The first stage of hydrocarbon production, in which natural reservoir energy, such as gasdrive, waterdrive or gravity drainage, displaces hydrocarbons from the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface

A

primary recovery / primary production

141
Q

An abbreviation for pressure, volume, temperature

A

PVT

142
Q

The recoverable amount of hydrocarbon initially in place, normally expressed as a percentage

A

recovery factor

143
Q

A chemical added to an acid to stabilize iron. The injected acid dissolves iron from rust, millscale, iron scales or iron-containing minerals in the formation

A

reducing agent

144
Q

Natural forces in the reservoir that displace hydrocarbons out of the reservoir into the wellbore and up to surface

A

reservoir drive mechanisms

145
Q

The variations in rock properties in a reservoir

A

reservoir heterogeneities

146
Q

Oil that does not move when fluids are flowed through the rock in normal conditions, for example primary and secondary recovery, and invasion

A

residual oil

147
Q

A test for water mud oroil mud, also known as the water, oil and solids test

A

retort test / water, oil and solids test

148
Q

A type of in-situ combustion in which the burning front moves in an opposite direction to the injected air

A

reverse combustion

149
Q

A type of bimetallic corrosion, has the shape of a ring and is located a few inches from the pipe upset

A

ringworm corrosion

150
Q

A laboratory device used to indicate miscibility between reservoir oil and injection gas

A

rising-bubble apparatus

151
Q

The study of and description of sandstones, including the mineral content

A

sandstone petrography

152
Q

Special core analysis laboratory

A

SCAL

153
Q

A mineral deposit that can occur in the tubing, the gravel pack, the perforations or the formation

A

scale

154
Q

A type of inhibition treatment used to control or prevent scale deposition. In a scale-inhibitor squeeze, the inhibitor is pumped into a water-producing zone

A

scale inhibitor squeeze

155
Q

A common well-intervention operation involving a wide variety of mechanical scale-inhibitor treatments and chemical options

A

scale removal

156
Q

Equipment placed in a pipeline for inserting or retrieving a pipeline scraper (pig)

A

scraper trap

157
Q

A preliminary assessment of the suitability of a reservoir for a particular process or development methodology

A

screening

158
Q

The second stage of hydrocarbon production during which an external fluid such as water or gas is injected into the reservoir through injection wells located in rock that has fluid communication with production wells

A

secondary recovery

159
Q

In matrix stimulation, a characteristic of rock that indicates the degree of reaction between the rock minerals and a given treating fluid

A

sensitivity

160
Q

Another term for chelating agent, a chemical added to anacidto stabilize iron

A

sequestering agent

161
Q

Bacteria that can live with or without oxygen and produce mats of high-density slime that cover surfaces

A

slime forming bacteria

162
Q

A laboratory test used to estimate the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) or minimum miscibility concentration (MMC) of a given injection solvent and reservoir oil

A

slim-tube test

163
Q

In cyclic steam injection, the second phase between the steam-injection phase and the production phase

A

soak phase

164
Q

The maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure, or the degree to which a substance will dissolve in a particular solvent

A

solubility

165
Q

A type of reservoir-drive mechanism in which the energy for the transport and production of reservoir fluids is provided by the gas dissolved in the liquid

A

solution gasdrive

166
Q

The corrosion caused by contact with hydrogen sulfide [H2S] dissolved in water

A

sour corrosion

167
Q

A standard laboratory instrument to measure interfacial tension, particularly applicable to values of interfacial tension below 1 mN/m and especially below 10-2 mN/m, as may occur when employing surfactants for enhanced oil recovery

A

spinning-drop tensiometer

168
Q

A type of batch-treating technique used in corrosion control

A

standard batch

169
Q

A two-phase mixture of liquid water and steam produced from a generator

A

steam

170
Q

The volume of reservoir in which mobile steam exists for an extended period of time

A

steam chamber

171
Q

A method of thermal recovery in which steam generated at surface is injected into the reservoir through specially distributed injection wells

A

steam flood

172
Q

Parameter used to monitor the efficiency of oil production processes based on steam injection

A

steam oil ratio

173
Q

Another term for soak phase, in cyclic steam injection, the second phase between the steam-injection phase and the production phase

A

steam soak

174
Q

A barrier or resistance to the flow of injected steam formed by a volume around a producing well in a steamflood that contains high oil and liquid water saturation

A

steam trap

175
Q

A thermal production method for heavy oil that pairs a high-angle injection well with a nearby production well drilled along a parallel trajectory

A

SAGD / steam-assisted gravity drainage

176
Q

A method of thermal recovery in which steam generated at surface is injected into the reservoir through specially distributed injection wells

A

steamflood

177
Q

A treatment performed to restore or enhance the productivity of a well

A

stimulation / well stimulation

178
Q

The volume of oil in a reservoir prior to production

A

STOIIP / stock-tank oil initially in place / STOOIP / stock-tank original oil in place

179
Q

A chemical that preferentially adsorbs at an interface, lowering the surface tension or interfacial tension between fluids or between a fluid and a solid

A

surfactant

180
Q

An enhanced oil recovery process in which alternating slugs of a surfactant solution and gas are injected into a reservoir

A

surfactant-alternating gas

181
Q

A measure of the effectiveness of an enhanced oil recovery process that depends on the volume of the reservoir contacted by the injected fluid

A

sweep efficiency / volumetric sweep efficiency

182
Q

The corrosion caused by contact with carbon dioxide [CO2] dissolved in water

A

sweet corrosion

183
Q

Also known as thermal recovery, a general term for injection processes that introduce heat into areservoir

A

TEOR / miscible displacement

184
Q

A graphical representation of concentrations in a system with three components

A

ternary diagram

185
Q

Traditionally, the third stage of hydrocarbon production, comprising recovery methods that follow waterflooding or pressure maintenance

A

tertiary recovery

186
Q

A general term for injection processes that introduce heat into a reservoir

A

thermal recovery / TEOR

187
Q

The finite-difference or finite-element reservoir simulation that includes energy equations and calculations used to describe heat conduction, heat and fluid convection, and latent heat exchanges occurring in the reservoir rock and fluids during a thermal recovery process such as steamflooding, steam assisted gravity drainage, or in-situ combustion

A

thermal simulation

188
Q

In a ternary diagram, a graphical representation of two fluids being mixed

A

tie line

189
Q

Oil in pore spaces that cannot be moved because of capillary forces

A

trapped oil

190
Q

A type of batch-treating technique used in corrosion control in which a batch of corrosion inhibitor is displaced through the tubing to the bottom of the well

A

tubing displacement

191
Q

Values of interfacial tension (IFT) less than about 10-2 mN/m

A

ultralow interfacial tension

192
Q

A non-thermal heavy oil production method, Similar in concept to SAGD

A

VAPEX / vapor extraction

193
Q

A gasflood process in which a lean gas, for example methane, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, is injected into a reservoir to achieve multiple-contact miscibility

A

vaporizing drive

194
Q

In a displacement process, the ratio of the cumulative height of the vertical sections of the pay zone that are contacted by injection fluid to the total vertical pay zone height

A

vertical displacement efficiency

195
Q

Another term for vertical displacement efficiency, in adisplacementprocess, the ratio of the cumulative height of the vertical sections of thepayzone that are contacted by injection fluid to the total vertical pay zone height

A

vertical sweep efficiency

196
Q

A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

A

viscous force

197
Q

Another term for volumetric sweep efficiency, a measure of the effectiveness of an enhanced oilrecoveryprocess that depends on the volume of the reservoircontacted by the injected fluid

A

volumetric displacement efficiency

198
Q

An enhanced oilrecoveryprocess whereby water injection andgas injectionare carried out alternately for periods of time to provide bettersweep efficiencyand reduce gas channeling from injector to producer

A

WAG / water alternating gas

199
Q

A primary recovery mechanism in which the pressure from free water is sufficient to move hydrocarbons out of the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface

A

water drive

200
Q

A method of secondary recovery in which water is injected into the reservoir formation to displace residual oil

A

water flood

201
Q

Pertaining to the adhesion of a liquid to the surface of a solid

A

water wet

202
Q

The first indication of increased crude-oil production as the result of a waterflooding project

A

waterflood kick

203
Q

The preference of a solid to contact one liquid or gas, known as the wetting phase, rather than another

A

wettability

204
Q

A type of damage in which the formation wettability is modified, generating a change in relative permeability that eventually affects well productivity

A

wettability change

205
Q

A distinction among three phase behaviors of oil, water and surfactant systems when they form a microemulsion

A

Winsor phase behavior

206
Q

A relationship describing the pressure difference across an interface between two fluids at a static, curved interface

A

Young-Laplace equation

EOR (1 decks)

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