EOR

Question 1

In the (Blank) (normally refracted) eye, entering light rays are focused on the retina by the cornea and the lens, creating a sharp image that is transmitted to the brain.

• The lens is elastic, more so in younger people. During accommodation, the ciliary muscles adjust lens shape to properly focus images. •

Refractive errors are failure of the eye to focus images sharply on the retina, causing blurred vision
If the optics of the eye do not focus properly to the retina, it shows refractive ametropia

Answer 1

Emmetropic

Question 2

the point of focus is in front of the retina because:

the cornea is too steeply curved ➢ the axial length of the eye is too long
or both
distant objects are blurred, but near objects can be seen clearly to correct myopia, a concave (minus) lens is used
myopic refractive errors in children frequently increase until the child stops growing

Answer 2

Myopia

Question 3

is a condition in which with accommodation relaxed, parallel rays of light will focus in front of the the retina.

Answer 3

Myopia

Question 4

1. By Degree

Answer 4

very low up to -1.00 D

• low -1.25D to -3.00D

• medium -3.25D to -6.00D

• high -6.25D to -10.00D

• very high -10.25D and up

Question 5

2. AGE OF ONSET

Answer 5

Congenital – Myopia in infancy and is present when entering school.
Youth-onset – Myopia at age 6 through the teenage years.
Early Adult-Onset – Myopia at age 20 to about age 40.
Late Adult-Onset – Myopia beyond the age of 40 with the prevalence gradually increasing in the later years of life.

Question 6

2. AGE OF ONSET

Myopia in infancy and is present when entering school.

Answer 6

Congenital

Question 7

2. AGE OF ONSET

Myopia at age 6 through the teenage years.

Answer 7

Youth-onset

Question 8

AGE OF ONSET

Myopia at age 20 to about age 40.

Answer 8

Early Adult-Onset

Question 9

Myopia beyond the age of 40 with the prevalence gradually increasing in the later years of life.

Answer 9

Late Adult-Onset

Question 10

3. CLINICAL ENTITY

Normal eye that is either too long for its optical power or, less commonly, too optically powerful for its axial length

Answer 10

Simple Myopia

Question 11

occurring only in dim illumination and is due primarily to increased accommodative response associated with low levels of light

Answer 11

Nocturnal Myopia

Question 12

result of an increase in ocular refractive power due to overstimulation of the eye’s accommodative mechanism or ciliary spasm

Answer 12

Pseudomyopia

Question 13

a high degree of myopia associated with degenerative changes in the posterior segment of the eye

Answer 13

Degenerative myopia

Question 14

result of an exposure to various pharmaceutical agents, variation in blood sugar levels, nuclear sclerosis of the crystalline lens, or other anomalous conditions

Answer 14

Induced Myopia

Question 15

blurred distant vision
squinting of the eye
staring sensation
dilated pupil
exophthalmic or protruding eyeball
myopic crescent ( A white or grayish white crescent-shaped area in the fundus of the eye caused by atrophy of the choroid )
exophoria

Answer 15

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Question 16

optical correction /eyeglasses
contact lens
visual hygiene
orthokeratology ( the temporary reshaping of the cornea (usually overnight) with specially made rigid contact lenses, in order to correct myopia )
refractive surgery (LASIK or Lasik, commonly referred to as laser eye surgery or laser vision correction )

Answer 16

TREATMENT/ MANAGEMENT

Question 17

the point of focus is behind the retina because:

the cornea is too flatly curved
the axial length is too short
or both
in adults, both near and distant objects are blurred
children and young adults with mild hyperopia may be able to see clearly because of their ability to accommodate
to correct hyperopia, a convex (plus) lens is used.

Answer 17

Hyperopia.