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Biomed > eoc > Flashcards

eoc Flashcards

1
Q

where does meiosis occur?

A

sex cells

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2
Q

why does mitosis happen?

A

to replicate cells

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3
Q

why does meiosis happen?

A

to reproduce sex cells

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4
Q

how many cells are produced in mitosis?

A

2

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5
Q

how many cells are produced in meiosis?

A

4

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6
Q

how many chromosomes are in daughter cells of mitosis?

A

46 (diploid in #)

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7
Q

how many chromosomes are produced in meiosis?

A

23 (haploid)

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8
Q

how is Down syndrome caused?

A

3 chromosome 21s

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9
Q

what does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

takes oxygen to the lungs

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10
Q

what happens in the systemic circuit?

A

oxygen is delivered to the body

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11
Q

what is a sphygmomanometer and what’s is used for?

A

cuff used to measure blood pressure

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12
Q

what is systolic pressure

A

pressure when arteries are at max. contraction

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13
Q

what is diastolic pressure

A

pressure when ventricles are relaxing

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14
Q

what is and ekg used to do

A

measurement of electrical activity of the heart

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15
Q

what happens in the p wave

A

journey starts

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16
Q

what happens in qrs

A

time between artial depolarization and ventricular depolarization

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17
Q

what happens in t

A

ventricular depolarization

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18
Q

what does a pacemaker do

A

keeps heart in regular rhythm

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19
Q

what is hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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20
Q

3 causes of hypertension

A

smoking, overweight, lack of exercise

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21
Q

3 ways to treat hypertension

A

quit smoking, eat healthier, diet

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22
Q

what does LDL stand for

A

low density lipoprotein

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23
Q

what organ makes LDL and HDL

A

liver

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24
Q

what does HDL stand for

A

high density lipoprotein

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25
Q

foods that raise LDL

A

fried foods, saturated/trans fat

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26
Q

foods that raise HDL

A

fiber, fish

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27
Q

what is the job of LDL

A

carries cholesterol to cells

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28
Q

what is the job of HDL

A

carries cholesterol back to liver

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29
Q

ideal levels of LDL

A

less than 100 mg/dL

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30
Q

ideal levels of HDL

A

more than 60 mg/dL

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31
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

plaque build up and weakening in the arteries. increases blood pressure

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32
Q

what is the point of restriction enzymes

A

cut the dna

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33
Q

what is the point of pcr

A

make millions of copies of dna

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34
Q

what is the point of running gel electrophoresis

A

separates segments of dna by size

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35
Q

what’s an angiogram

A

show blood flow in the veins

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36
Q

what’s an angioplasty

A

opens up and widens the veins

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37
Q

what is the role of coronary artery

A

feeds oxygen to the heart tissue, coronary bypass done by directing blood flow through a healthy vein around blockage

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38
Q

what is metabolic syndrome

A

when a person has high blood pressure, high cholesterol, overweight

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39
Q

what does metabolic syndrome do to a person

A

higher risk of heart attack/stroke

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40
Q

how do you avoid metabolic syndrome

A

exercise, eat healthy

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41
Q

what is microbiology

A

study of microbes

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42
Q

what is diagnostic microbiology

A

diagnoses diseases caused by microbiology

43
Q

3 examples of helminthes and how do you get them

A

round worms
tape worms
pin worms
-eating them

44
Q

how do you get rid of helminthes

A

oral medication

45
Q

what is a prion disease

A

small infectious proteins

46
Q

how do you get prion disease and how do you get rid of it

A

unsterile medical equipment

-can’t be cured

47
Q

3 examples of fungal diseases

A

ring worm
aspergillosis
candida

48
Q

how do you get fungal disease and how can they be treated

A

caused by fungi and physical contact

-medication/drugs

49
Q

3 examples of protozoan disease

A

malaria
ameobas
African sleeping sickness

50
Q

how do you get protozoan disease

A

from uncooked meat, or animals

-medication.

51
Q

3 examples of viral disease

A

flu
cold
hiv

52
Q

how can viruses be avoided

and what is the treatment

A

vaccines, wash hands often, don’t come into physical contact w
-no treatment, rest

53
Q

3 bacterial disease

A

e. coli
tuberculosis
strep throat

54
Q

what is treatment for bacteria

A

antibiotics

55
Q

know:

antigens cause disease, vaccines bring immunity to these diseases

A
56
Q

what does a phagocyte do

A

white blood cells that destroy pathogens

57
Q

where are T cells and B cells made

A

bone marrow

58
Q

what is the job of B cells

A

produce antibodies and recognize foreign material

59
Q

what’s the job of Tcells

A

helps destroy foreign material while participating in immune response

60
Q

what is the role of inflammation in the immune system

A

protects from infections by localizing injury

61
Q

why is gram staining done

A

to indenting the certain type of bacteria

62
Q

diplococcus

A

by 2s and circles

63
Q

staphylococcus

A

round circle clusters

64
Q

streptobacillus

A

rode shaped “worm”

65
Q

structure of gram positive bacteria

A

thick layer of peptidoglycan

66
Q

structure of gram negative bacteria

A

thin layer of peptidoglycan

67
Q

what stain gives gram positive its color

A

crystal violet in cell walls

68
Q

what stain gives gram negative bacteria their color

A

safranin. can’t pick up darker stain bc little peptidoglycan

69
Q

3 organs damaged in Anna

A

kidney, pancreas, heart

70
Q

what system is the kidney, pancreas, heart

A

urinary, endocrine, cardiovascular

71
Q

what was the cause of damage in Anna’s kidney, pancreas, and heart

A

high levels of blood glucose
her immune system attacked pancreas
harder time pumping blood w high glucose levels

72
Q

how many bonds and rings do purines have

A

bonds: 2 rings:1

73
Q

how many bonds/rings do pyrimidines have

A

bonds: 3 rings: 2

74
Q

what happens in type 2 diabetes

A

insulin doesn’t bond to receptor

75
Q

what happens in type 1 diabetes

A

body makes no insulin

76
Q

what career conducts autopsies

A

forensic pathologist/medical examiner

77
Q

career determine the cause of death

A

toxicologist

78
Q

what body system controls feedback loops

A

endocrine

79
Q

how to indicate a starch

A

kl(loguls iodine)

80
Q

how to indicate a simple sugar

A

benedicts

81
Q

how to indicate lipids

A

paper towel

82
Q

how to indicate protein

A

buiret

83
Q

what lab technique is used to determine energy content of food items

A

calorimetry

84
Q

what is the function of a carb

A

provides energy

85
Q

what is the function of lipid

A

energy, cushion

86
Q

function of nucleic acid

A

in dna to determine traits

87
Q

function of protein

A

build tissue

88
Q

how do monomers become polymers

A

dehydration synthesis

89
Q

four components of blood

A

plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets

90
Q

role of plasma

A

holds blood in cells in whole body in suspension

91
Q

role of RBC

A

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body

92
Q

role of WBC

A

circulates blood, fights against foreign substances

93
Q

role of platelets

A

clot blood

94
Q

what is the name of the test that determines amount of red blood cells

A

hematocrit

95
Q

role of mRNA

A

carries codes from Dna to site of protein synthesis

96
Q

role of tRNA

A

reads code on RNA and brings correct amino acid

97
Q

role of rRNA

A

associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes

98
Q

what process happens first

A

transcription

99
Q

what process happens second

A

translation

100
Q

where does transcription happen

A

nucleus

101
Q

where does translation occur

A

cytoplasm

102
Q

why does transcription occur

A

copies dna

103
Q

why does translation occur

A

builds proteins

104
Q

where does mitosis occur?

A

all cells

Biomed (2 decks)

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