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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SIR BALCE LECTURE > ENZYMOLOGY > Flashcards

ENZYMOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Uses olive oil or triolein as substrate ( TAG + H2O in the presence of LIPASE will produce GLYCEROL and FATTY ACIDS) FA will be SUBSEQUENTLY TITRATED

A

Cherry-crandall method (LIPASE DETERMINATION)

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2
Q

Measures the rate of clearing as fats are hydrolyzed by LPS

A

TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD ( LPS DETERMINATION)

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3
Q

Based on coupled reactions with Glycerol Kinase and Peroxidase ( detection of glycerol)

A

Colorimetric methods (LPS determination)

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4
Q

Reference value for LPS

A

<38 U/L

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5
Q

Significance:

Hepatolbilliary disorders, Alcoholic Liver Disease, Microsomal induction by drugs and alcohol; also used to ID the source of increased ALP

A

GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT)

>GGT and 5NT = hepatolbilliary disorders Normal GGT and >5NT = Biliary obstruction

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6
Q

Best enzymatic marker for ALCOHOLISM

A

GGT

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7
Q

Clinical significance:
INTRAHEPATIC CHOLELSTASIS

also use to ID source of elevated ALP

A

5` Nucleotidase

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8
Q

Major source of ACP

A

Prostate, RBCs

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9
Q

Significance of ACP

A

Prostatic Cancer, hyperplasia, RAPE CASES

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10
Q

ACP determination

A

Roy method:
Substrate: Thymophthalein Monophosphate
CHEM. INHIBITION:

  1. TARTRATE ( - prostatic ACP)
  2. COPPER AND FORMALDEHYDE (- RBC ACP)
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11
Q

Aldolase significance

A

Skeletal muscle disorders

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12
Q

Enzyme responsible for BP regulation

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

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13
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase significance

A

AMI

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14
Q

Pancreatic marker
Increased in acute pancreatic insufficiency
And decreased in chronic pancreatic insufficiency

A

Trypsin

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15
Q

Miscellaneous enzymes that are only significant when increase

A

ACP
ALDOLASE
GUTAMATE DH
GLUTARHIONE-S-T
ACE
GLYOCGEN PHOSPHORYLASE
TRYPSIN

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16
Q

Miscellaneous enzymes that are only significant when decrease

A

Chymotrypsin/Elastase 1
G-6-PD
PK
pseudo ChE

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17
Q

Clinical significant if decreased in the following conditions

Chronic pancreatic insufficiency
Steatorrhea
Undigested muscle fibers

A

Chymotrypsin/Elastase 1

18
Q

Miscellaneous enzyme decreased in drug induced hemolytic anemia

A

G-6-PD

19
Q

Clinical significant of PYRUVATE KINASE

A

If decreased, in Hemolytic disorders such as Hemolytic anemia secondary to membrane abnormality. Congenital echinocytosis

20
Q

Significance of Pseudo ChE

A

When decreased in SERUM, Pesticide poisoning, Liver disease, Genetic variance (prolonged response to muscle relaxants)

21
Q

O T H L I L
1 2 3 4 5 6

A

Oxidoreductase
Trnasferases
Hydrolase
Lyases
Isomerase
Ligase

22
Q

Biologic protein catalyst that accelerates biochemical reactions without being consumed or changed in composition

A

Enzyme

23
Q

Catalytic mechanism

A

E + S <—-> ES complex <—-> P + E

24
Q

• Substrate <Enzyme
• Enzyme> Substrate

Substrate- rate-limiting component

A

First-Order Kinetics

25
Q

• Enzyme <Substrate
• Substrate >Enzyme

A

Zero-Order kinetics

26
Q

2 ways to plot Enzyme Activity

A

Michaelis - menten
Lineweaver-Burke plot

27
Q

Measurements of enzyme activity or rate of velocity

A

IU - mmol/minute
Katal - mol/second
“Conversions:
1IU = 0.0167
Ukat = 16. 7
1 kat = 1.6 IU”

28
Q

Factors that influence enzymatic reaction

A

pH
Temperature
Cofactors
Inhinitors

29
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitor

A

Binding site is allosteric site
Addition of S no effect

Low Vmax
Same Km

30
Q

Competitive inhibition

A

Binding site is active site
Addition of Sreverses inhibition

Same Vmax
Low Km

31
Q

Uncompetitive inhibition

A

Binding site is ES complex
Addition of S increases the inhibition

Low Vmax and Km

32
Q

Enzyme + Immunoglobulin

A

Macro enzyme (type 1)

33
Q

Enzyme + no immunoglobulin substance

A

Macro enzyme (type 2)

34
Q

Enzymes with macro forms

A

CK
AMS
LD
AST
ACP
ALP
LPS
GGT

35
Q

Creatinine kinase tissue sources

A

BRAIN HEART SKELETAL MUSCLES

36
Q

Creatinine kinase pronounced elevation

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, polymyositis,
Dermapolymyositis,
Myocardial infarction

37
Q

CK isoenzymes

A

CK1
CK2
MAXRO-CK
CK3
MI

38
Q

CK determination tests

A

Tanzer-Gilvarg

Oliver-Rosalki

39
Q

LDH tissue sources

A

LD1- Heart, RBCs, Renal Cortex
LD2 - same as LD1
LD3 - Lungs, Lymphocytes, Spleen, Pancreas
LD4- liver, skeletal muscle
LD5 - same as LD5

40
Q

LD6

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

41
Q

CK mild to moderate elevation

A

Acute agitated psychosis, alcoholic myopathy, severe exercise, delirium tremens, severe ischemic Injury, pulmonary infarction, intramuscular injection, hypothyroidism

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SIR BALCE LECTURE (2 decks)

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