ENZYMOLOGY

Question 1

catalysts bind reactants (substrates), convert them to products and release the products.

Answer 1

ENZYMES

Question 2

serve as recyclable shuttles that transport many substrates form one point within the cell to another

Answer 2

COENZYME

Question 3

it is where the transformation of the substrate takes place

Answer 3

ACTIVATORS

Question 4

a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme

Answer 4

HALOENZYME

Question 5

is a protein part that binds to a non-protein cofactor to form an active conjugated enzyme known as the haloenzyme

Answer 5

APOENZYME

Question 6

are tightly and stably incorporated into protein’s structure by covalent or noncovalent bond

Answer 6

PROSTHETIC GROUP

Question 7

use a metal cation as factor in the enzyme active site

Answer 7

METALOENZYME

Question 8

enzyme catalyst that bind reactants

Answer 8

SUBSTRATE

Question 9

convert them to products and release the products

Answer 9

PRODUCT

Question 10

It refers to the molecular/structural arrangement of enzyme molecule

Answer 10

ENZYME STRUCTURE

Question 11

It is where the transformation of the substrate takes place

Answer 11

ACTIVE STE

Question 12

refers to the sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Answer 12

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

Question 13

conformation of the steric arrangement or conformation of the segments of polypeptide chain

Answer 13

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Question 14

arises from the interactions among side chains/groups of the polymer chain; folded structure of an enzyme

Answer 14

TERTIART STRUCTURE

Question 15

refers to the relationship between subunits

Answer 15

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

Question 16

The International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) enzyme commission categorized all enzymes into 6 classes

Answer 16

Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Lyases
Isomerases
Ligases

Question 17

Enzymes catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions

Answer 17

OXIDOREDUCTASES

Question 18

addition of hydrogen to a double bond

Answer 18

REDUCTION

Question 19

removal of hydrogen to cleave a double bond

Answer 19

OXIDATION

Question 20

Enzymes that move and interact group of atoms from one molecule to another (amine or PO4 group)

Answer 20

TRANSFERASES

Question 21

Enzymes involved in the splitting of molecules with water as a part of the reaction process

Answer 21

HYDROLASES

Question 22

Enzymes responsible for splitting molecules (lysis)

Answer 22

LYASES

Question 23

Enzymes responsible for the conversion of one isomer to another

Answer 23

ISOMERASES

Question 24

Enzyme causing bond formation between two molecules to form a longer molecule

Answer 24

LIGASES

Question 25

- These are the several distinct forms of enzymes - Important in the diagnosis of specificity

Answer 25

ENZYME VARIANT

Question 26

Enzymes of similar activity typically appearing in specific tissue, organs and cell organelles of organisms and the same species

Answer 26

ISOENZYMES

Question 27

Same enzymatic activity, which are specie specific for different biological species

Answer 27

HETEROENZYMES

Question 28

Genetically transmitted enzymes

Answer 28

ALLOENZYMES

Question 29

Generally secreted by liver into the plasma

Answer 29

Plasma Specific Enzymes

Question 30

Enzymes that do not have specific function in plasma

Answer 30

Non-plasma specific enzymes

Question 31

Enzymes secreted in plasma at a very high rate but are rapidly

Answer 31

Enzyme of secretion

Question 32

Enzymes that carry out their functions within the cells

Answer 32

Enzymes associated with cellular metabolism

Question 33

These are enzymes found only in the cell sap Found only in one location

Answer 33

Unilocular enzymes

Question 34

These are enzymes that are found in the mitochondria and cell sap

Answer 34

Bilocular Enzyme

Question 35

this refers to the activation energy

Answer 35

Energy

Question 36

E + S = commonness and sameness between

Answer 36

Molecular compatibility

Question 37

refers to the number of enzymes or substrates that can be reacted

Answer 37

pace availability

Question 38

refers to the particular enzyme catalyzing a specific substrate

Answer 38

Specificity

Question 39

refers to the active site being complementary in shape and size of the substrate

Answer 39

Lock and Key

Question 40

refers to the enzyme changing in shape during binding with substrate. After binding, the shape of the enzyme complements with the binding site

Answer 40

Induced Fit model

Question 41

Enzyme concentration is fixed and the substrate concentration is varied

Answer 41

First Order Kinetics

Question 42

The rate depends on the enzyme concentration and independent of substrate concentration

Answer 42

Zero Order Kinetics

Question 43

An increase in the enzyme concentration result to an increase in the catalytic activity of the enzyme

Answer 43

Enzyme Concentration

Question 44

the point at which the enzyme molecule is capable of catalyzing the substrate

Answer 44

Optimum temperature

Question 45

Optimum temperature

Answer 45

30-37C or 37-40C

Question 46

refers to the increased reaction rate for every 10C increase (rate of reaction is doubled)

Answer 46

Q10 value

Question 47

the point at which the reaction rate is greatest

Answer 47

Optimum pH

Question 48

many enzymes show maximum activity

Answer 48

pH 7-8

Question 49

ii. pepsin is active at __ and ALP at __

Answer 49

1.5 and 10.5

Question 50

from ionic bridges to help bind in the substrate to the active site

Answer 50

Activators

Question 51

Substances that decrease the rate of enzyme reaction if these are present in the reaction system

Answer 51

Inhibitors

Question 52

Binds to the active site, blocking the access of the substrate to the enzyme

Answer 52

Competitive Inhibition

Question 53

Binds elsewhere on the enzyme causing change in shape that interferes with substrate binding

Answer 53

Non-competitive)

Question 54

inhibitors bind with the ES completely; no product formed

Answer 54

Uncompetitive

Question 55

When inhibitors are possible removed from the system and enzyme is fully restored - can be separated

Answer 55

Reversible inhibition

Question 56

When inhibitors combine covalently with the enzyme

Answer 56

Irreversible inhibition

Question 57

Causes competition between substrate molecules for a single binding site

Answer 57

Excess substrate

Question 58

A product of reaction may itself be an inhibitor of the forward reaction

Answer 58

Product of Reaction

Question 59

These must be present at the proper concentration for many enzyme reactions to take place

Answer 59

Coenzyme concentration

Question 60

These are essentially coenzymes that firmly bind with enzymes

Answer 60

Prosthetic Group