Enzymes- rates and reactions

Question 1

Chemical Equations

Answer 1

describe reaction, a chemical symbol ad direction reaction occurs in.

Question 2

Define Metabolism

Answer 2

All biochemical reactions occuring in the body.

Chemical reactions occuring in body when chemical bonds are formed/broken down:All of life

Question 3

What are products of a reaction

Answer 3

substances produced as a consequence of reactions.

Also called metabolites.

Question 4

What are Reactants

Answer 4

Reactants are substances entering into the reaction

Also known as Substrates

Question 5

List 8 types of chemical reactions occuring in body

Answer 5

1. Catabolic: Breakdown large molecle (decomposition)
2. Hydrolysis (digestion) Deomposition rxtns using water eg.glycogen→glucose
3. Anabolic:(Synthesis) sml molecules combine to form larger ones (protein synth)
4. Exchange/displacement: Parts of the reactants ‘change partners’ bonds made and broken glucose →ATP
5. Oxidation/Reduction:OIL RIG (Oxi…loss ►Reduc..gain)
6. Exothermic reactions:Energy released as heat Often catabolic rxtns….glucise→ATP
7. Endothermic reactions Needs heat/energy to get going/build molecules

8Reversible:can go in either direction

9.Irreversible:goes only in 1 direction

Question 6

Factors affecting rates of reactions

Answer 6

• Nature:simpler rxtn,quicker it works
• Temperature:Warm Temp speeds up collision of particles
• Concentration: Higher concentration means more molecules to react with = more chance to collide. High oxygen levels =high fire risk.
• phase of reactants: molecules made better contact if all in same phase…Homogenous(all same) Heterogenous(diff phase)often take place at surface level.Eeg.Co3 contacts H2O=reaction occurs on surface as they are diff states….a little life emulsified fats in bile…sit on surface.
• Catalyst: - Organic=enzymes are biological catalysts. Work to increas phase of reaction without changing …lower ativation energy
  *

Question 7

Characteristics of key of enzymes and their actions:Shape,

Answer 7

Complexity: Proteins with complex 3D shape (activity deepends on structure)

Eficiency:Reduce activation energy

Specifity: Many catalyse only one type. Have an active site where only certain substrates can bind.

Lock n key: Substrates are specific fit

Induced fit (wriggle)

CoFactors(trace elemnts) and coenzymes(organic molecule from Riboflavin, Thiamine

Some need activating by presence of something else.(co-factors or hormones)

Inhibition - Allows precise regulation (coagulation)

Question 8

What factors affect enzymes working

Answer 8

Concentration of the enzyme,Temp,PH (needs optimal ph range) Denaturation occurs when PH and Temp too high