Enzymes in Molecular Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What do polymerases do

A

They create polymers of nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA

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2
Q

What kind of rxn is involved in forming a phosphodiester bond

A

Condensation rxn

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3
Q

Examples of DNA polymerases in vivo

A
  1. DNA replication
  2. DNA repair
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4
Q

Example of DNA polymerase in vitro

A

PCR (polymerase chain rxn)

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5
Q

Example of RNA polymerase in vivo

A

Transcription

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6
Q

What are nucleases

A

Enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids

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7
Q

How do endonucleases work

A

Endonucleases break the DNA internally (make internal cuts)

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8
Q

How do exonucleases work

A

Exonucleases cut and remove nucleotides from the ends of DNA strand.
They work either in a 5’-3’ direction or a 3’-5’ direction

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9
Q

Examples of nucleases in vivo

A
  1. DNA repair: clips out damaged DNA
  2. Cell death: 1st step in apoptosis is nucleases breaking down DNA
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10
Q

Example of nuclease in vitro

A

Nucleic acid digests

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11
Q

What do DNA ligases do

A

DNA ligases join DNA strands together by catalysing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
Can join one end of a DNA molecule to the other end of the same DNA molecule or can join two DNA molecules together.

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12
Q

Examples of ligases in vivo

A
  • DNA replication
  • DNA repair
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13
Q

Example of ligases in vitro

A

Cloning

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