Enzymes CH. 3 Flashcards
NAD+
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADP+
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
Examples of Cosubstrates
NAD+ & NADP+
Holoenzyme
Catalytically active enzyme - cofactor
Apoenzyme
The enzymatically inactive protein resulting from removal of haloenzyme
Transition State
Highest free energy
Reaction coordinate
Reactants generally approach one another along the path of minimum free energy
X++
Represents transition state
Delta G ++
Free energy of the transition state.
Free energy of activation
Greater the value delta G ++
Slower the reaction rate
Rate determining step
In multiple rxn, The step with the highest transition state free energy acts as bottleneck
Prosthetic group
Tightly bound coenzyme
Cofactor
Metal ion, like magnesium or organic substance
Proenzyme or Zymogen
Produced in Inactive form , that must go activation for it to function
Forms of enzyme control
Activation of inactive form of enzyme and inhinibition
Competition inhibition
Another species competes with substrate to interact with active site on enzyme
Non competitive inhibition
Other species binds to other site other than active site
Oxidoreductases
Redox rxns
Transferases
Transforms of functional groups
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Lyases
Additions to double bonds or formation of one
Isomerases
Isomerization of molecules
Ligases
Joining of 2 molecules
