Enzymes And Digestion - Year 11

Question 0

Enzymes

Answer 0

Biological catalysts (these are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions)

Question 1

Catalysts

Answer 1

Chemicals that catalyse (speed up) reactions

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

A chain of amino acids

Question 3

Active site

Answer 3

Part of a folded protein that forms the active site of an enzyme. This is where the substrate will attach

Question 4

Lock and key model

Answer 4

The shape of the substrate is complementary to the shape of the active site (it fits like a key into a lock…)

Question 5

Activation energy

Answer 5

Energy needed to start a chemical reaction (enzymes work by lowering this…)

Question 6

Optimum temperature

Answer 6

Temperature at which the rate of an enzymatic reaction is highest

Question 7

Optimum pH

Answer 7

pH at which the rate of an enzymatic reaction is highest

Question 8

Denaturation

Answer 8

Change in the shape of a protein. This is usually caused by a change in temperature or pH

Question 9

Oesophagus

Answer 9

Transports food to the stomach by peristalsis

Question 10

Teeth

Answer 10

Mechanically breakdown food in the mouth

Question 11

Ileum (small intestine)

Answer 11

Site of final digestion and main absorption of nutrients

Question 12

Anus

Answer 12

Site of defecation

Question 13

Gall bladder

Answer 13

Site of bile salt storage

Question 14

Stomach

Answer 14

Storage and digestion of food

Question 15

Pancreas

Answer 15

Secretes insulin, glucagon and digestive enzymes

Question 16

Duodenum (small intestine)

Answer 16

Site of further digestion (following the stomach) and some absorption of nutrients

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

Site of bile salt production

Question 18

Colon (large intestine)

Answer 18

Absorption of water, salts and vitamins

Question 19

Peristalsis

Answer 19

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 20

Carbohydrases

Answer 20

Group of enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of carbohydrates

Question 21

Amylase

Answer 21

Enzyme needed to convert starch into maltose

Question 22

Pepsin

Answer 22

Enzyme (found in the stomach) needed to convert protein into smaller peptides or amino acids

Question 23

Maltase

Answer 23

Enzyme needed to convert maltose into glucose

Question 24

Trypsin

Answer 24

Enzyme (found in the duodenum) needed to convert proteins into peptides or amino acids

Question 25

Peptidase

Answer 25

Enzyme needed to convert peptides into amino acids

Question 26

Lipase

Answer 26

Enzyme needed to convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 27

Bile

Answer 27

Substance produced by the liver that is released into the duodenum in order to emulsify lipids and to neutralise the pH of food that has exited the stomach