Enzymes and Digestion Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up processes in the body
What are enzymes made up of?
Enzymes are made up of all large proteins and all proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.
What is the lock and key theory?
The lock and key theory shows the model of enzyme action. The active site changes shape a little as the substrate binds to it to get a tighter fit.
What can affect a enzyme and how?
A higher temperature increases the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction but if it gets too hot, the bonds holding the enzyme together break so the enzyme becomes denatured, so the substrate won’t fit anymore. All enzymes have an optimum temp. pH also affects enzymes as if its too high or too low the bonds can break and also have an optimum pH, normally being 7(NOT ALL)
Where is amylase made and what does it break down?
Amylase is a carbohydrase, and it breaks down starch into MALTOSE or other sugars. It is made in the SALIVARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS and the SMALL INTESTINE
Where is protease made and what does it break down?
Protease breaks down proteins into AMINO ACIDS.They are made in the STOMACH, the PANCREAS and the SMALL INTESTINE.
Where is lipase made and what does it break down?
Lipase breaks down lipids into GLYCEROL and FATTY ACIDS. Lipids are made in the PANCREAS and the SMALL INTESTINE.
What can the products of digestion be used for?
To build new carbohydrates,lipids and proteins. Some glucose is also used in respiration.
What is bile?
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is ALKALINE to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach. It also emulsifies fats to form small droplets which increase surface area. The alkaline conditions and large DA increase rate of fat breakdown by lipase.
What is the purpose of the salivary glands in the digestive system?
Produce the amylase enzyme in the saliva
What is the purpose of the stomach in the digestive system?
It pummels the food with its muscular walls, produces protease called pepsin, produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give right pH for protease enzyme to work.
What is the purpose of the Liver in the digestive system?
Where bile is produced, bile neutralises stomach acids and emulsifies fats.
What is the purpose of the pancreas in the digestive system?
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes and releases them into the small intestine.
What is the purpose of the Gall bladder in the digestive system?
Where bile is stored before it is released into small intestine.
What is the purpose of the small intestine in the digestive system?
Produces protease,lipase and amylase enzymes and is where digested food is absorbed out of digestive system into blood.
