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Heme/Onc > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the AA necessary for purine synthesis?

A

Glycine, Asp, Glutamine (GAG) and N10 Formyltetrahydrofolate (TH4) and CO2

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2
Q

What are the components of a Pyrimidine?

A

Carbamoyl Phosphate and Asp

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3
Q

What is the start of the purine base pathway?

A

Ribose to PRPP using PRPP synthase

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4
Q

What is the first commited step in Purine de novo?

A

Gln PhosphoriboAT: PRPP to 5 PRamine

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5
Q

Main enzymes in purine salvage are??

A

APRT and HGPRT to make free bases into nucleotides using PRPP

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6
Q

What inhibits Gln PhosphoriboAT?

A

Nuclleotides

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7
Q

WHat inhibtis PRPP synthase?

A

GDP/ADP

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8
Q

What is the Branching point of purine de novo?

A

IMP

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9
Q

What does GMP inhibit in the de novo pathway?

A

IMP Dehydrogenase

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10
Q

What does AMP inhibit in the purine de novo pathway?

A

Adenylosuccinate synthase

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11
Q

AMP degrades into what product?

A

Hypoxanthine

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12
Q

GMP degrades into what product?

A

Xanthine

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13
Q

Hypoxanthine degrades into what product?

A

Xanthine

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14
Q

Xanthine degrades into which product?

A

Uric Acid

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15
Q

What drug inhibits xanthine to uric acid?

A

Allopurinol

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16
Q

What is goes into pyrimidine de novo?

A

Gln+CO2+Asp+ ATP to make carbamoyl P

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17
Q

What enzyme makes carbamoyl P?

A

CPSII

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18
Q

What converts Ortic Acid to UMP?

A

UMP synthase (def causes orotic aciduria)

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19
Q

Ribonucleotides are converted to deoxyribonucelotides by…?

A

RR

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20
Q

What drug inhibits RR?

A

Hydroxyurea

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21
Q

What enzyme is needed to convert dUMP to dTMP?

A

Thymidylate synthase (acitivated by N5/10 methylene THF)

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22
Q

What convertsDHF to THF?

A

DHFR

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23
Q

What drug inihibts DHFR?

A

MTX

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24
Q

What drug inhibits dTMP formation?

A

5-FU for thymidylate synthase

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25
Q

What causes an increase in erythopetin?

A

Decrease tissue oxygenation

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26
Q

Which enzyme lowers the affinity of Hb for O2?

A

2,3,BPG

27
Q

Cytochrome b5 can convert what into Hb?

A

Methemoglobin

28
Q

What activate cytchrome b5?

A

NADH

29
Q

What enzyme converts d-ALA to porphobilinogen(PBG)?

A

d-ALAD

30
Q

What concerts PBG to Hydroxymethybilane (HXMB)

A

PBG demainase=AIP Purple Pee

31
Q

What enzyme makes UROIII?

A

UROS=CEP

32
Q

What enzyme converts UROIII to Coprophyrinogen III?

A

UROD=PCT tea colored urine

33
Q

An increase in heme causes ALAS to….?

A

Decrease

34
Q

Vitamine K is reduced via expoxide reductase and becomes?

A

gammacarboxyglutamate and the coag factors 1927 CS and thrombin?

35
Q

What does gammacarboxyGLU bind with so that it can bind to cell membrane?

A

Ca2+

36
Q

What does heparin act on?

A

Antithrombin III

37
Q

What is the main action of the Protein C/S pathway?

A

To limit clot to the immediate site of injury

38
Q

What bacteria enzyme can convert plasminogen to plasmin?

A

Streptokinase

39
Q

What nuetralizes ketoacids?

A

Ammonia

40
Q

What are the main Nitrogen carriers to the liver?

A

Gln and Ala

41
Q

In the fasted state Waste Nitrogen is converted to?

A

Pyruvate through the Ala and Glucose cycle

42
Q

What is needed in many transammintaion reactions and glycogenloylsis?

A

PLP

43
Q

What is one of the main jobs of GDH?

A

Fix NH3 into an organic molecule (Glu)

44
Q

Asp can be recycled into the urea cycle through fumurate in which state?

A

Fed

45
Q

In the fast state Fumuarte can be coverted into what?

A

Glucose

46
Q

What are the essential AA?

A

PVT TIM HALL
Phe Val Trp
Thr Ile Met
His Arg Leu Lys

47
Q

What AA are ketogenic?

A

Leu and Lys

Trp The Ile Phe

48
Q

What AA are glucogenic?

A

Val Met His Arg

49
Q

What AA is necessar for the folate 1C pool?

A

Serine

50
Q

What are the 7 Intermediates of AA degradation?

A 
POP H Fumes AA Konstantly
Pyruvate
OAA
Propionyl CoA
HMG CoA
Fumarate
Alpha KG
AcCoA
KBs
51
Q

Which branched AA can be converted into energy through the TCA cycle?

A

Ile, Val, and Leu

52
Q

What are the effects and accumilations in ammonia toxicity?

A

Increase in NH4
Inc in Gln
Dec in urea
Bocks TCA bc alpha KG is depleted from the increase in Gln

53
Q

What provides fuel for immune cells during sepsis?

A

Amino Acids

54
Q

What stimulates phospholipases (A2 and C)?

A

Histamine and cytokines from inflammation

55
Q

What enzyme has Ile in the active site?

A

CoX-1

56
Q

What enzyme has Val in the active site>

A

COx-2

57
Q

Which enxyme is prothrombotic?

A

COX-1

58
Q

Which enzyme makes TXA2?

A

COX-1

59
Q

TXA2 is prothrombotic or anthithrombtic?

A

Likes to make clots

60
Q

Which enzyme is antithrombotic and is the main mediator of pain, inflammation and fever?

A

COX-2

61
Q

Which enzyme makes PGI2?

A

COX2

62
Q

What enzyme inhibits phospholipase A2?

A

Glucocorticosterioids

63
Q

What are the products of AA?

A

Lipoxygenase (Luetorienes) Cycloxgenases (PG and TX), Isoprostane (ROS), and Endocannabinoid (analgesic; SARIN inhibits)

Heme/Onc (3 decks)

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