Enzymes

Question 1

What are the AA necessary for purine synthesis?

Answer 1

Glycine, Asp, Glutamine (GAG) and N10 Formyltetrahydrofolate (TH4) and CO2

Question 2

What are the components of a Pyrimidine?

Answer 2

Carbamoyl Phosphate and Asp

Question 3

What is the start of the purine base pathway?

Answer 3

Ribose to PRPP using PRPP synthase

Question 4

What is the first commited step in Purine de novo?

Answer 4

Gln PhosphoriboAT: PRPP to 5 PRamine

Question 5

Main enzymes in purine salvage are??

Answer 5

APRT and HGPRT to make free bases into nucleotides using PRPP

Question 6

What inhibits Gln PhosphoriboAT?

Answer 6

Nuclleotides

Question 7

WHat inhibtis PRPP synthase?

Answer 7

GDP/ADP

Question 8

What is the Branching point of purine de novo?

Answer 8

IMP

Question 9

What does GMP inhibit in the de novo pathway?

Answer 9

IMP Dehydrogenase

Question 10

What does AMP inhibit in the purine de novo pathway?

Answer 10

Adenylosuccinate synthase

Question 11

AMP degrades into what product?

Answer 11

Hypoxanthine

Question 12

GMP degrades into what product?

Answer 12

Xanthine

Question 13

Hypoxanthine degrades into what product?

Answer 13

Xanthine

Question 14

Xanthine degrades into which product?

Answer 14

Uric Acid

Question 15

What drug inhibits xanthine to uric acid?

Answer 15

Allopurinol

Question 16

What is goes into pyrimidine de novo?

Answer 16

Gln+CO2+Asp+ ATP to make carbamoyl P

Question 17

What enzyme makes carbamoyl P?

Answer 17

CPSII

Question 18

What converts Ortic Acid to UMP?

Answer 18

UMP synthase (def causes orotic aciduria)

Question 19

Ribonucleotides are converted to deoxyribonucelotides by…?

Answer 19

RR

Question 20

What drug inhibits RR?

Answer 20

Hydroxyurea

Question 21

What enzyme is needed to convert dUMP to dTMP?

Answer 21

Thymidylate synthase (acitivated by N5/10 methylene THF)

Question 22

What convertsDHF to THF?

Answer 22

DHFR

Question 23

What drug inihibts DHFR?

Answer 23

MTX

Question 24

What drug inhibits dTMP formation?

Answer 24

5-FU for thymidylate synthase

Question 25

What causes an increase in erythopetin?

Answer 25

Decrease tissue oxygenation

Question 26

Which enzyme lowers the affinity of Hb for O2?

Answer 26

2,3,BPG

Question 27

Cytochrome b5 can convert what into Hb?

Answer 27

Methemoglobin

Question 28

What activate cytchrome b5?

Answer 28

NADH

Question 29

What enzyme converts d-ALA to porphobilinogen(PBG)?

Answer 29

d-ALAD

Question 30

What concerts PBG to Hydroxymethybilane (HXMB)

Answer 30

PBG demainase=AIP Purple Pee

Question 31

What enzyme makes UROIII?

Answer 31

UROS=CEP

Question 32

What enzyme converts UROIII to Coprophyrinogen III?

Answer 32

UROD=PCT tea colored urine

Question 33

An increase in heme causes ALAS to....?

Answer 33

Decrease

Question 34

Vitamine K is reduced via expoxide reductase and becomes?

Answer 34

gammacarboxyglutamate and the coag factors 1927 CS and thrombin?

Question 35

What does gammacarboxyGLU bind with so that it can bind to cell membrane?

Answer 35

Ca2+

Question 36

What does heparin act on?

Answer 36

Antithrombin III

Question 37

What is the main action of the Protein C/S pathway?

Answer 37

To limit clot to the immediate site of injury

Question 38

What bacteria enzyme can convert plasminogen to plasmin?

Answer 38

Streptokinase

Question 39

What nuetralizes ketoacids?

Answer 39

Ammonia

Question 40

What are the main Nitrogen carriers to the liver?

Answer 40

Gln and Ala

Question 41

In the fasted state Waste Nitrogen is converted to?

Answer 41

Pyruvate through the Ala and Glucose cycle

Question 42

What is needed in many transammintaion reactions and glycogenloylsis?

Answer 42

PLP

Question 43

What is one of the main jobs of GDH?

Answer 43

Fix NH3 into an organic molecule (Glu)

Question 44

Asp can be recycled into the urea cycle through fumurate in which state?

Answer 44

Fed

Question 45

In the fast state Fumuarte can be coverted into what?

Answer 45

Glucose

Question 46

What are the essential AA?

Answer 46

PVT TIM HALL Phe Val Trp Thr Ile Met His Arg Leu Lys

Question 47

What AA are ketogenic?

Answer 47

Leu and Lys | Trp The Ile Phe

Question 48

What AA are glucogenic?

Answer 48

Val Met His Arg

Question 49

What AA is necessar for the folate 1C pool?

Answer 49

Serine

Question 50

What are the 7 Intermediates of AA degradation?

Answer 50

``` POP H Fumes AA Konstantly Pyruvate OAA Propionyl CoA HMG CoA Fumarate Alpha KG AcCoA KBs ```

Question 51

Which branched AA can be converted into energy through the TCA cycle?

Answer 51

Ile, Val, and Leu

Question 52

What are the effects and accumilations in ammonia toxicity?

Answer 52

Increase in NH4 Inc in Gln Dec in urea Bocks TCA bc alpha KG is depleted from the increase in Gln

Question 53

What provides fuel for immune cells during sepsis?

Answer 53

Amino Acids

Question 54

What stimulates phospholipases (A2 and C)?

Answer 54

Histamine and cytokines from inflammation

Question 55

What enzyme has Ile in the active site?

Answer 55

CoX-1

Question 56

What enzyme has Val in the active site>

Answer 56

COx-2

Question 57

Which enxyme is prothrombotic?

Answer 57

COX-1

Question 58

Which enzyme makes TXA2?

Answer 58

COX-1

Question 59

TXA2 is prothrombotic or anthithrombtic?

Answer 59

Likes to make clots

Question 60

Which enzyme is antithrombotic and is the main mediator of pain, inflammation and fever?

Answer 60

COX-2

Question 61

Which enzyme makes PGI2?

Answer 61

COX2

Question 62

What enzyme inhibits phospholipase A2?

Answer 62

Glucocorticosterioids

Question 63

What are the products of AA?

Answer 63

Lipoxygenase (Luetorienes) Cycloxgenases (PG and TX), Isoprostane (ROS), and Endocannabinoid (analgesic; SARIN inhibits)