Enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
Enzymes
A
Protein catalysts that inc. rate of rxn w/o being changed
- direct all metabolic events
- don’t invent new rxns
- life not possible w/o them
2
Q
Enzyme nomenclature
A
- Oxidorectuctases
- Transferases
- Hydro leases
- Leases
- Isomerases
- Ligases
3
Q
Oxidoreductases
A
Redox rxns
4
Q
Transferases
A
Transfer C, N, and P containing groups
5
Q
Hydrolases
A
Cleave bonds w/ H2O
6
Q
Lyases
A
Cleave C-C, C-S, and C-N
7
Q
Isomerases
A
Rearrangement of optic or geometric isomers
8
Q
Ligases
A
Creates carbon bonds w/ O, S, and N
- coupled w/ hydrolysis of ATP (GTP)
- endergonic
- opposite of ligase
9
Q
Synthase vs. synthetase
A
- Synthase- no ATP
2. Synthetase- required ATP
10
Q
Oxidase vs oxygenase
A
- Oxidase- uses O2 as acceptor w/o incorporating it
2. Oxygenase- one/both O2 atoms incorporated
11
Q
Phosphotase vs. phosphorylase
A
- Phosphotase- H2O to cleanse phospho groups (hydrolases)
2. Phosphorylase- uses Pi to cleave and generate phosphorylated product
12
Q
Enzyme structure
A
- Protein component
- Non protein components
* cofactors- inorganic (Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Fe2+)
* coenzymes- organic- vitamin derivatives: NAD+, FAD, NADP+, CoQ, CoA
13
Q
Haloenzymes
A
Enzyme + non protein = active
14
Q
Apoenzymes
A
Enzyme alone = inactive
15
Q
Enzyme function
A
- efficient
- Specific
- energy required
- active site- induced fit model
