Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT BIO > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The function of oxidoreductases is to […] and the three types of oxidoreductases are […]

A

Oxidoreductases catalyze redox reactions/transfer electrons (hydride ions or H atoms)

1) Dehydrogenases
2) Oxygenases
3) Peroxidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dehydrogenases are responsible for […] and they are a subsclass of […]

A

Transferring hydrogens between substrate and coenzyme (e.g., NAD , NADP, FAD, FMN)

They are a subclass of oxireductases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxygenases are responsible for […] and they are a subsclass of […]

A

Using O2 as substrate

They are a subclass of Oxidoreductases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peroxidases are responsible for […] and they are a subsclass of […]

A

Using H2O2 or organic peroxide as substrate

They are a subclass of Oxidoreductases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The function of transferases is to […] and the five types of transferases are […]

A

Transfer a group from one molecule to another

1) kinases
2) phosphorylases
3) peptidyl transferase
4) Glycosyl transferase
5) Transaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kinases’ function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Tansfer phosphate from ATP to another substrate

Also work in the reverse direction! Can add P to ADP => ATP

They are a subclass of transferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phosphorylases’ function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Transfer inorganic phosphate to another substrate without using ATP

They are a subclass of transferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peptidyl Transferase’ function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Transfer peptide group

They are a subclass of transferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycosyl transferase function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Transfer MONOsaccharide

They are a subclass of transferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transaminase function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Transfer amino group. (Amine functional group)

They are a subclass of transferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydrolases’ function is to […]

A

Cleave by the addition of water. Most digestive and lysosomal enzymes are hydrolases (lipases, peptidases, nucleases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lyases’ function is to […] and the three types of lyases are […]

A

Remove a group nonhydrolytically, forming a double bond.
Lyases don’t break molecule into smaller pieces; traditionally don’t break sigma bonds. forming/breaking double bonds

1) dehydratases
2) decarboxylases
3) synthetases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dehydratases’ function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Eliminate water to yield double bond

They are a subclass of lyases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decarboxylases’ function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Eliminate CO2

They are a subclass of lyases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synthetases’ function is to […] and they are a subclass of […]

A

Act in reverse: loss of double bond to create a new bond

They are a subclass of lyases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isomerases’s function is to […]

A

Interconvert positional, geometric or optical isomers

17
Q

Ligases’ function is to […]

A

Form a new bond (C-C, C-O, or C-N) via condensation reactions coupled to cleavage of ATP or similar cofactor.

Example: glutamine synthetase

glutamate+ NH3 + ATP –> glutamine + ADP + Pi

18
Q

Co-factors refer to […] and one example is […]

A

An INORGANIC ion required by enzyme. One example is magnesium

19
Q

Coenzymes refer to […] and one example is […]

A

Coenzymes are organic or metaloorganic molecules derived from vitamins. They function as transient carriers of specific functional groups.

One example is biotin.

20
Q

Biotin’s function is to [….] and it is [….] soluble

A

Carry Co2 for carboxylase enzymes. Biotin is water soluble.

21
Q

A prosthetic group is a […] that is […] bound to the enzyme protein

A

A prosthetic group is a cofactor/coenzyme that is tightly/covalently bound to enzyme protein.

22
Q

Holoenzyme refers to the […]

A

Complete, catalytically active enzyme together with its prosthetic group

Holo = Whole

23
Q

Apoenzyme refers to the […]

A

Protein part of the enzyme which does not have the prosthetic group

24
Q

The binding energy (GB) is […] and it is calculated by the […]

A

The energy derived from the E-S interaction. It is calculated by the difference in energy between the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction

25
Q

The E-S interaction releases so much energy because 1) … and 2)…

A

1) formation of weak bonds between enzyme and substrate
2) weak interactions are optimized in the reaction transition state=the enzyme’s active sites are complementary to the transition states (rather than to the substrate/product)

26
Q

The enzyme’s active site in catalyzed reaction is complementary to […]

A

Active site is complementary to the transition states through which the substrates pass as they are concerted to products during an enzymatic reaction.

27
Q

Kcat refers to […]

A

the number of substrate molecules converted to product in a given unit of time on a single enzyme molecule when the enzyme is saturated with substrate.

Kcat is the rate constant of the rate-limiting step of any enzyme-catalyzed reaction. (in michaelis mentel it’s the same as K2)

28
Q

High affinity between enzyme and substrate makes the

Km […]

A

Lower

29
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, the larger x-intercept, the […] Km

A

The larger x-intercept the larger Km

30
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, the larger y-intercept, the […] Vmax

A

The larger y-intercept, the smaller Vmax

31
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, the x-intercept is […]

A

-1/km

32
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, the y-intercept is […]

A

1/vmax

33
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, the y-axis is […] and the units are […]

A

Y-axis: 1/v0 and the units are (1/uM/min)

34
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, x-axis is […] and the units are […]

A

X-axis: 1/[s] and the units are 1/mM

35
Q

In lineweaver-burke plot, the slope is […] and its two components are […]

A

Slope = Km/Vmax and they are both constants for each enzyme

36
Q

Isoenzymes refer to […] and a famous example is […]

A

enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but with different kinetic properties (i.e., different Km, Vmax)

The example is glucokinase and hexokinase. Both catalyze the first step in glycolysis.

37
Q

Between glucokinase and hexokinase, which one has higher Km and higher Vmax?

A

Glucokinase

38
Q

Which tissues does glucokinase work in? and Hexokinase?

A

Glucokinase: liver and pancreas.
Hexokinase: all other cells

MCAT BIO (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions