Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes
are protein molecules that catalyze specific chemical reactions without being used up
How do enzymes speed up reactions
enzymes lower the activation energy required for a specific reactions to proceed by weakening chemical bonds in the substrait or binding specific substraits at the active site. the association between enzyme and the substrate makes it easier for existing bonds to break down or new bonds to form
Enzyme specificity
a specific enzyme which catalyze only one reaction due to the tertiary shape of the active site is complimentary to the shape of a specif substrait much like a lock(enzyme) and key(substrait). If there is a correct fit the reaction will proceed
Lock and Key Model
actiive site exactly models shape of substrait
Induced Fit Model
active site changes to match the shape of the substrait
Activation Energy
the minimum necessary amount of energy needed for a reaction to proceed
Optimum temp.
the temperature at which a specific enzyme produces the greatest reaction rate
Endergonic
energy in, water out
Exergonic
energy out, water in
Factors Aff. Enzyme Func. Temp.
increasing temperature increase the rate of the reaction and vise versa. Critical temperatures denature the enzyme by permanently altering the shape of the active site. Low temperatures render the enzyme inactive due to reduced molecular movement
Factors Aff. Enzyme Func. pH
each enzyme has an optimum pH and a change in pH can permanently alter the active site so enzyme substrate complexes cannot form
’’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ Substrate/Product Concern.
increase of substate concentration will lead to increased probability of enzyme-substrate collisions and saturation of the enzyme
” “ “ “ Enzyme Concern.
as enzyme concentration increases the rate if reaction also increases but if there is a limited amount of substrate no further increase in rate is possible
” “ “ “ Competitive Inhibitors
similar ion shape to the substrate molecule reduce enzyme activity by blocking the active site
” “ “ “ Non competitive Inhibitors
attach to another part of the enzyme alter the shape of the active site
