Enzymes Flashcards
What is a competitive inhibitor ?
A competitive inhibitor molecule has a similar shape to that of the substrate molecules. They compete with the substrate molecules to bind to the active site , but no reaction takes pace . instead they block the active site so no substrate molecules can fit in .
What is non competitive inhabitation?
Non competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme away from the enzymes active site. This causes the active site to change shape so the substrate molecules can no longer bind to it . they don’t compete with the substrate molecules to bind to the active site because they are a different shape . increasing the concentration of the substrate doesn’t make any difference to the reaction rate because the enzyme activity will still be inhibited .
What happens if there is a high concentration of competitive inhibitor in a reaction ?
If there is a night concentration of competitive inhibitors in a reaction nearly all the active sites will be taken up by the inhibitor and hardly any of the substrate will get to the enzyme . so the rate of reaction will decrease
What happens if there is a higher concentration of substrate in the reaction than the inhibitor ?
If there’s a higher concentration of substrate then the substrates chances of getting to the active site before the inhibitor will increase . so increasing the amount of substrate in a reaction will increase the rate if reaction up to a point .
What is a membrane bound disaccharidase , and what do they do?
Membrane bound disacchridases are enzymes that are attached to the cell membranes of epithelial cells lining the ileum (small intestine ) they help to break down disacharides, like maltose sucrose and lactose into monosachaeides like glucose fructose and glactose .
What are lipids broken down by ?
Lipids are Brocken down by lipase and bile salts .
What does lipase enzymes break lipids down into?
Lipase enzymes break down lipids into monoglycerides and fatty acids . this involves the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in lipids .
Where is lipase made , and where do they work?
Lipases are made in the pancreas and they work in the small intestine .
Where are bile salts made and what so they do?
Bile salts are made in the liver and they emulsify lipids ( turn lipids into small droplets )
What happens to the lipids once they have been Brocken down ?
Once the lipid has been broken down the monogycerides and fatty acids stick with the bile salts to form tiny structures called micells .
What is amylase ?
Amylase is a digestive enzyme that catalyses the conversion of starch ( starch is a polysacharide) into the smaller suger maltose ( maltose is a disaccharide). This involves the hydrolysis of the gycosidic bonds in starch .
Where is amylase produced ?
Amylase is produced in the salivary gland and also by the pancreas. The salivary gland releases it into the mouth and the pancreas releases the analyse into the small intestine
What disacharidase breaks down the disaccharide maltose into monosacharides glucose + glucose .
Maltase breaks maltose into glucose + glucose .
What disacharidase breaks down sucrose into the monosacharides glucose + fructose?
The disaccharidase that breaks sucrose into glucose + fructose is sucrase .
What disacharidase breaks the dosaccharide lactose into the monosacharides
glucose + galactose?
Lactase breaks lactose into glucose + galactose .
