Enzymes

Question 1

How can you make the reaction quicker

Answer 1

Raising the temperature

Question 2

Enzymes reduce the need for

Answer 2

High temperatures

Question 3

What is a catalyst

Answer 3

A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 4

What are enzymes made up of

Answer 4

Chains of amino acids folded up into unique shapes

Question 5

What do proteins act as

Answer 5

Catalysts
Structural components of tissue
Hormones
Antibodies

Question 6

What does an enzyme need to work

Answer 6

A unique shape that fits onto the one substance

Question 7

What happens if the enzyme doesn’t fit

Answer 7

The reaction won’t be catalysed

Question 8

What happens of the temperature is too hot

Answer 8

The bonds break it becomes denatured and doesn’t work

Question 9

What do enzymes in the body work best at

Answer 9

37 degrees

Question 10

What happens if the pH is too high or low

Answer 10

Changes the shape and denatures the enzyme

Question 11

What pH do enzymes work best at

Answer 11

pH of 7

Question 12

What is pepsin used for

Answer 12

To break down proteins in the stomach

Question 13

What do digestive enzymes do

Answer 13

They break down big molecules into smaller ones

Question 14

What are big molecules

Answer 14

Starch, proteins and fats

They are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system

Question 15

What does Amylase do

Answer 15

Converts starch into sugars

Question 16

Where is amylase made

Answer 16

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 17

What does protease do

Answer 17

Converts proteins into amino acids

Question 18

Where is protease made

Answer 18

The stomach (pepsin)
The pancreas 
The small intestine

Question 19

What does lipase do

Answer 19

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 20

Where is lipase made

Answer 20

The pancreas

The small intestine

Question 21

What does bile do

Answer 21

Neutralises the stomach acid

Emulsifies fats

Question 22

Where is bile produced

Answer 22

The liver

Question 23

Where is bile stored

Answer 23

In the gall bladder before its release into the small intestine

Question 24

What does hydrochloride acid do

Answer 24

Makes the pH too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine

Question 25

Where are enzymes in the digestive system produced

Answer 25

By specialised cells in glands in the gut lining

Question 26

Salivary glands

Answer 26

Produce amylase enzyme in the saliva

Question 27

Stomach

Answer 27

1. Pummels food with muscular walls
2. Produces protease, enzyme and pepsin
3. Produces hydrochloride acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for enzymes to work

Question 28

Liver

Answer 28

Bile is produced

Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsified fats

Question 29

Pancreas

Answer 29

Produces protease, amylase an lipase enzymes

Releases these into the small intestine

Question 30

Gall bladder

Answer 30

Where bile is stored before release into the small intestine

Question 31

Small intestine

Answer 31

Produces protease, amylase an lipase enzymes to compete digestion
Where food is absorbed into blood

Question 32

Large intestine

Answer 32

Where excess water is absorbed from the food

Question 33

Rectum

Answer 33

Where faeces are stored before they bid you farewell through the anus

Question 34

Where enzymes are biological detergents

Answer 34

Protein - digesting

protease) and fat digesting (lipase

Question 35

What temperature do biological detergents work best at

Answer 35

30 degrees

Question 36

What enzymes are used in baby foods

Answer 36

Protease

Protein digesting enzymes

Question 37

Carbohydrate digesting enzymes

Answer 37

Carboghydrases

Used to turn starch syrup into sugar syrup

Question 38

Why are enzymes useful in the industry

Answer 38

They speed up reactions without the need for high temperatures and pressures

Question 39

Advantages of enzymes in industry

Answer 39

1. Specific - catalyse the reaction they want you too
2. Lower temperature and pressure means a lower cost & Sara energy
3. Work for a long time - after buying them you can continually use them
4. Biodegradable - less environmental pollution

Question 40

Disadvantages of enzymes in industry

Answer 40

1. Allergies
2. Denatured by a small increase in temperature
3. Susceptible to poisons
4. Expensive to produce
5. Contamination of enzyme with other substances