Enzymes (2.4)

Question 1

Define “ENZYME”

Answer 1

Biological Catalyst

Question 2

Define “BIOLOGICAL CATALYST”

Answer 2

‘Biological’: function in living systems
‘Catalysts’: speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up or undergoing permanent change

Question 3

Describe the enzyme structure

Answer 3

globular proteins with complex tertiary structures
Some are formed from a single polypeptide, whilst others are made up of two or more polypeptides and therefore have a quaternary structure

Question 4

Where do enzymes come from?

Answer 4

All enzymes are proteins that are produced via the process of protein synthesis inside cells

Question 5

What is an INTRACELLULAR enzyme?

Answer 5

Intracellular enzymes are produced and function inside the cell

Question 6

What are EXTRACELLULAR enzymes?

Answer 6

Extracellular enzymes are secreted by cells and catalyse reactions outside cells (eg. digestive enzymes in the gut)

Question 7

What is an example of an INTRACELLULAR ENZYME?

Answer 7

enzyme CATALASE

Question 8

What are some examples of an EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME?

Answer 8

enzyme AMYLASE
enzyme TRYPSIN

Question 9

What is the role of Catalase?

Answer 9

Converts Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen since its a harmful by-product of metabolic processes

Question 10

What is the role of Amylase?

Answer 10

involved in digestion of carbohydrates, HYDROLYSES starch into simple sugars like maltose,

Question 11

where is Amylase found?

Answer 11

• secreted out of salivary glands & pancreas
  for digestion of starch in the mouth and small intestines

Question 12

What is the role of Trypsin?

Answer 12

breaks proteins down into peptides and amino acids

Question 21

How Do Enzymes INCREASE the Rate Of Reaction?

Answer 21

By lowering the activation energy

Question 22

What is the ACTIVE SITE?

Answer 22

the area of the enzyme where the reaction with the substrate
takes place.

Question 23

what does it mean when an enzyme is “complementary”

Answer 23

specific to substrates they bind to meaning that only one type of
substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme

Question 24

What is the name of the complex when the enzyme and substrate react?

Answer 24

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Question 25

What is the INDUCED FIT model?

Answer 25

the structure of the enzyme is altered so that the active site of the enzyme fits around the substrate.

Question 26

What is the LOCK & KEY model?