Enzymes (2.4) Flashcards
Define “ENZYME”
Biological Catalyst
Define “BIOLOGICAL CATALYST”
‘Biological’: function in living systems
‘Catalysts’: speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up or undergoing permanent change
Describe the enzyme structure
globular proteins with complex tertiary structures
Some are formed from a single polypeptide, whilst others are made up of two or more polypeptides and therefore have a quaternary structure
Where do enzymes come from?
All enzymes are proteins that are produced via the process of protein synthesis inside cells
What is an INTRACELLULAR enzyme?
Intracellular enzymes are produced and function inside the cell
What are EXTRACELLULAR enzymes?
Extracellular enzymes are secreted by cells and catalyse reactions outside cells (eg. digestive enzymes in the gut)
What is an example of an INTRACELLULAR ENZYME?
enzyme CATALASE
What are some examples of an EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME?
enzyme AMYLASE
enzyme TRYPSIN
What is the role of Catalase?
Converts Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen since its a harmful by-product of metabolic processes
What is the role of Amylase?
involved in digestion of carbohydrates, HYDROLYSES starch into simple sugars like maltose,
where is Amylase found?
- secreted out of salivary glands & pancreas
for digestion of starch in the mouth and small intestines
What is the role of Trypsin?
breaks proteins down into peptides and amino acids
How Do Enzymes INCREASE the Rate Of Reaction?
By lowering the activation energy
What is the ACTIVE SITE?
the area of the enzyme where the reaction with the substrate
takes place.
what does it mean when an enzyme is “complementary”
specific to substrates they bind to meaning that only one type of
substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme
What is the name of the complex when the enzyme and substrate react?
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
