enzymes Flashcards
catabolism
when larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
anabolism
when small molecules are built up into larger ones
nutrients
any substance used for growth, repair or maintaining the body
organic compounds
have a carbon chain (carbs, lipids, proteins)
protein
peptide bond that forms when 2 amino acids join
inorganic compound
not based on a carbon chain (water, minerals, vitamins)
glycolysis
1 glucose molecule split into 2 pyruvate molecules creating 2 ATP, occurs in cytosol
after glycolysis
pyruvate converted into acetyl coA, Co2 removed from pyruvate and coenzyme is attached
krebs cycle
carbon atoms released from acetyl coA as Co2 creating 2 ATP, occurs in matrix
electron transport chain
electrons pass through converting remaining o2 into water creating up to 34 ATP
fermentation
2 pyruvate molecules converted into lactic acid, then taken to liver to recombine with o2 to become glucose and is stored
lock & key
shape of enzyme always complimentary to substrate
induced fit
enzyme and substrate join and form weak bonds that change shape of enzyme creating complimentary shapes
conc of enzymes
increased enzymes = increased rate of reaction
conc of substrate
increased substartes = increased rate of reaction until saturation
products of reaction removed
increased rate of reaction, provides more room for new products
temperature
increased rate of reaction, cant go past 45-50 degrees of enzyme will become denatured
ph
every enzyme has an optimal ph level it works most efficiant
cofactors
helps change shape of enzyme to bind with substrate
inhibitors
decreased rate of reaction, binds to active sight preventing substrate from binding
