enzymes Flashcards
describe process of digestion in terms of enzymes (starch)
- amylase is the lock. starch is the key.
- active site of amylase is complementary to 3D shape of starch
- enzyme substrate complex forms
- starch is digested to maltose
- amylase remains chemically unchanged
substrate is the
key
enzyme is the
lock
enzymes are
protein in nature, specific, reusable, removed and recycled, chemically unchanged, only suited for one type of substrate
speeds up chemical reactions (characteristics of enzymes)
lowering the activation energy needed to digest food, enzyme remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
temp (characteristics of enzymes)
enzymes are affected by temperature. low rate of reaction at low temp,, kinetic energy of enzyme and substrate molecules is low, rate of effective collision between substrate molecules with enzyme is low
specific (characteristics of enzymes)
enzymes are specific, only substrates with a 3D shape complementary to the active site can fit into enzymes
minute amount and remains chem unchanged (characteristics of enzymes)
minute amounts and remain chemically unchanged at end of reactions, same enzyme molecules can be used over and over again, thus, a small amount of an enzyme can catalyse the reaction for a large amount of substrate
temp increase, rate of enzyme reaction increase
increase kinetic energy of molecules, rate of effective collision is increased, increases rate of enzyme-substrate complex
optimum temp (40-45 degrees) is when
enzyme is most active due to maximum rate of effective rate of collision
temp above optimum amount causes
decrease in rate of enzyme reaction, active site of enzyme lose its original shape, no longer complementary to 3D shape of substrate molecules, all enzymes denatured
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, which is the energy needed for a reaction to occur. They do this by
providing an alternative reaction pathway that requires less energy for the reactants to transform into products. This alternative pathway is easier because more molecules will have the required energy to overcome the reduced barrier, leading to a faster reaction rate.
steps on how to know enzymes provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy required to start chem reaction
- identify activation energy 2. check energy of reactants higher than products 3. explain ezyme effect based on activation energy (by reducing)
Enzymes lower the activation energy of the chemical reactions they catalyze, meaning
they reduce the amount of energy needed to start the reaction. This is because enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier, enabling more molecules to react at a faster rate.
ph in stomach 9 (digest fastest in what ph)
2
ph in mouth (digest fastest in what ph)
7
ph in small intestine (digest fastest in what ph)
8
