enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
False
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The active site is the specific region of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are specific to their __________.
substrates
What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity?
Increased temperature generally increases enzyme activity up to a certain point, after which the enzyme may denature and lose functionality.
What is the role of pH in enzyme function?
Different enzymes have optimal pH ranges in which they function best; deviations can lead to decreased activity or denaturation.
What are cofactors?
Cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting enzyme activity? A) Temperature B) pH C) Substrate Concentration D) Color
D) Color
Define ‘enzyme inhibition’.
Enzyme inhibition is the process by which a molecule reduces or stops the activity of an enzyme.
True or False: Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme.
True
What is non-competitive inhibition?
Non-competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, altering the enzyme’s activity.
Fill in the blank: The __________ concentration can affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
substrate
What is the function of allosteric sites on enzymes?
Allosteric sites are regulatory sites on enzymes that can bind molecules and change the enzyme’s shape and activity.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can denature an enzyme? A) High temperature B) Extreme pH C) Heavy metal ions D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the significance of enzyme specificity?
Enzyme specificity ensures that enzymes catalyze only specific reactions, preventing unwanted side reactions.
True or False: Enzymes can work in both directions of a reaction.
True
What is the effect of enzyme concentration on reaction rate?
Increasing enzyme concentration generally increases the reaction rate, provided substrate levels are sufficient.
Fill in the blank: The __________ model describes how enzymes and substrates fit together.
lock and key
What is the difference between an endergonic and exergonic reaction?
Endergonic reactions require energy input, while exergonic reactions release energy.
Define ‘activation energy’.
Activation energy is the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.
What is the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?
Enzymes facilitate and regulate the series of biochemical reactions in metabolic pathways.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion? A) Temperature B) Concentration gradient C) Molecular weight D) Enzyme concentration
D) Enzyme concentration
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is the process by which substances pass through a membrane with the assistance of special proteins.
