Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes and what is their role?
Made of protein, Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
What’s the place in the enzyme that is specific to the substrate
Active site
What’s the hypothesis of the substrate and enzyme complex
Lock and key
What happened after the enzyme substrate reaction?
Enzyme is unchanged and can be reused, substrate is split (product)
3 main points about effect of temperature on enzyme reactions
- As temperature increases rate of reaction increases, enzyme and substrate gain kinetic energy (more collisions)
- Optimum temperature, temp at which rate of reaction is highest
- Increasing temperature beyond the optimum temperature decreases rate, active site changes shape (enzyme denatured) so substrate no longer fits
2 main points about the effect of pH on enzymes
- Optimum pH, pH of which the rate of reaction is highest
- Outside optimum pH, rate of reaction decreases, shape of the active site is lost, no longer fits the substrate, enzyme no longer functions as a catalyst
What do digestive enzymes do
Convert large insoluble food molecules into small soluble ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Carbohydrase: where are they made, where do they act
Mouth pancreas small intestine
Mouth small intestine
Carbohydrase: give the substrate and products
Carbohydrates
Sugar (e.g glucose)
Protease: where are they made, where do they act
Stomach pancreas small intestine
Stomach small intestine
Protease: give the substrate and products
Proteins
Amino acids
Lipase: where are they made and where do they act
Pancreas small intestine
Small intestine
Lipase : give the substrate and products
Lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
What substance does the stomach make that gives the correct pH for enzyme action
Hydrochloric acid
