Enzymes Flashcards
What is the function of a structural protein?
Provides support
What is the function of hormones?
Chemical messenger
What is the function of antibodies?
Protect against disease
What is the function of receptor?
Binding sites for other proteins
What does the sequence of amino acids do?
Dictates the shapes and functions of the proteins.
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst speeds up the rate of chemical reactions and remains unchanged at the end of the reaction and are made by all living cells.
What do biological catalysts do?
Biological catalysts speed up the rate of cellular reactions by lowering activation energy/energy input needed for a reaction to proceed.
What is a substrate?
The substrate is the substance that an enzyme acts on.
What is formed during a reaction?
The enyzyme-substrate-complex.
What is the product?
The substance left behind at the end of the reaction.
Where is the active site?
On the enzymes surface where it binds to a substrate.
What does it mean if the enzyme and substrate and specific?
One enzyme can only react with one substrate (e.g amylase can only react with starch).
What does it mean if the enzyme and substrate are both complementary?
The shape of the substrate and enzyme’s active site have complementary fit
What is degradation?
Degradation is the breakdown of large complex molecules into smaller simpler ones
What is are two examples of degradation?
starch (substrate) —–> amylase (enzyme) —–> maltose (product) - SAM
hydrogen peroxide (substrate) —–> catalase (enzyme) —-> oxygen + water (product)
What is synthesis?
Synthesis is the building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
What are is one example of synthesis?
glucose-1-phosphate (substrate) —–> phosphorylase ( enzyme) —–> starch (product) - G1PPS
What does optimum mean?
Where the enzyme is most active
What happens if an enzyme goes above optimum temperature?
If the enzyme goes above optimum conditions, the enzyme is denatured meaning the shape of the active site changes and the substrate will no longer be able to bind so no reaction will occur.
What pH do most enzymes work best at?
pH 7
What will happen if an enzyme if in strong acid or alkali?
The enzymes shape becomes denatured or destroyed meaning the substrate can no longer bond to the enzyme.
