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enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

They speed up chemical reactions in living cells

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2
Q

Are enzymes in all living cells?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What are enzymes made up of?

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

What allows cells to function in low temperatures?

A

Enzymes

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5
Q

Do enzymes change after reactions?

A

no

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6
Q

can enzymes be used multiple times?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Each enzyme only works with one…

A

Substrate

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8
Q

What are enzymes specific to?

A

Substrates

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9
Q

fill in the blanks:
Enzymes are special _______ that are folded in a way that exposes their _____ _____ where the substrate ____

A

proteins
active site
binds

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10
Q

enzymes usually end in the letters…

A

ASE

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11
Q

What is a general name given to a biological catalyst

A

Enzymes

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12
Q

State TWO biological properties of a biological catalyst

A

It speeds up chemical reactions
Enzymes don’t start a reaction it only speeds it up

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13
Q

where are enzymes found in a living organism

A

Enzymes are found in all living cells

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14
Q

Of what type of substance are enzyme molecules composed?

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

Briefly explain why enzymes are needed for the function of living cells

A

They make chemical reactions happen faster than they would without enzymes

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15
Q

What term is used to refer to a substance upon which an enzyme acts

A

A substrate

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16
Q

What does a substrate do to an enzyme

A

If it’s the right one it binds to its active site

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17
Q

Why is an enzyme said to be specific in its relationship with a substrate

A

Because different enzymes have different shaped active sites

18
Q

What’s a metaphor for substrates and enzymes connecting

A

Like a key and a lock

19
Q

What type of reaction is this?:
substrate broken down to form a product

A

degradation reaction

20
Q

What is made out of a substrate and an enzyme

A

Products

21
Q

What type of reaction is this?:
Substrate built to form product

A

synthesis reaction

22
Q

T or F
enzymes are proteins

A

True

23
Q

T or F
Enzymes are catalysts

A

True

24
Q

T or F
The shape of an enzyme is critical to its shape

A

True

25
Q

T or F
An enzymes shape is determined by the sequence of carbohydrates in its structure

A

False, it’s the amino acid structure

26
Q

T or F
Enzymes are non-specific

A

False, enzymes are specific to its substrate because in order for the enzyme-substrate complex to happen the substrate has to be right for the active site of the enzyme

27
Q

State the function of enzymes

A

Enzymes are to speed up chemical reactions in living cells

28
Q

State what’s meant by active site and substrate

A

An active site is a groove on an enzyme that a substrate binds with to facilitate the catalysed chemical reaction

29
Q

Describe how enzymes work (lock and key)

A

Enzymes work like a biological catalyst it speeds up the chemical reactions in living cells. By joining with a specific substrate to its active site. The enzyme does not change or gets used up in this process it always stays the same

30
Q

Factors that affect the rate of reaction include:

A

temperature
pH

31
Q

What happens to an enzyme when the temp. & pH change sufficiently beyond an enzymes optimum?

A

The shape of the enzyme changes irreversibly denaturing it

32
Q

what does it mean when an enzyme changes shape irreversibly?

A

It’s denatured

33
Q

what is this?:
The state of an enzyme when it has been irreversibly damaged and changed shape

A

Denatured

34
Q

What is this?:
The part of the enzyme into which the reactant molecule fits

A

Active site

35
Q

What’s a substrate?

A

A molecule reactant

36
Q

What is this?:
The temp. and pH at which an enzyme- catalysed reaction proceeds at a faster rate

A

optimum

37
Q

The molecule that binds and reacts with the enzyme

A

Reactant

38
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

it’s a substance that speeds up chemical reactions

39
Q

What are enzymes

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living cells

39
Q

Why are catalysts used over and over again?

A

Because catalysts don’t change after making a product, so u can re-use it multiple times

40
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

They are made of amino acids linked together in one or more chains

41
Q

What is optimum?

A

it’s enzymes working best at only one particular temp. & pH

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