Enzymes

Question 1

Define enzyme

Answer 1

Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction

Question 2

What organelle produces enzymes

Answer 2

Ribosome

Question 3

What are proteins formed from

Answer 3

Proteins are formed by a sequence of amino acids forming a long chain

Question 4

What type of protein are enzymes

Answer 4

Globular proteins

Question 5

Define the enzymes shape

Answer 5

enzymes have a folded 3-dimensional shape

Question 6

What is the active site

Answer 6

The part of the enzyme that joins with the substrate

Question 7

What is a substrate

Answer 7

The substance with which an enzyme reacts

Question 8

What is a product

Answer 8

The substance which the enzyme forms

Question 9

Define metabolism

Answer 9

The sum of all chemical reactions within the cells of living things

Question 10

What are the two metabolic reactions

Answer 10

Anabolic & Catabolic

Question 11

What is a catabolic reaction

Answer 11

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules releasing energy

Question 12

What is an anabolic reaction

Answer 12

The build up of larger molecules from smaller molecules using energy

Question 13

Catabolic reaction from animals

Answer 13

Digestion

Question 14

Catabolic reaction from plants

Answer 14

Respiration

Question 15

Anabolic reaction from animals

Answer 15

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Anabolic reaction from plants

Answer 16

Photosynthesis

Question 17

Lock and key theory

Answer 17

Enzymes will fit neatly and react only with a substance that matches the enzymes shape (the 3 diagrams)

Question 18

Chemical nature/ Biomolecule in enzymes

Answer 18

The chemical nature/Biomolecule is protein

Question 19

Examples of Catabolic enzymes

Answer 19

Lipase acts on lipids (Ph 7/8)
Amylase acts on starch (Ph 7/8)
Pepsin acts on protein (Ph 2)

Question 20

Examples of anabolic enzymes

Answer 20

Dna ligase : joins two pieces of dna together
Dna polymerase : forms & repairs dna

Question 21

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 21

Temparture & Ph

Question 22

Define optimum activity

Answer 22

The rate at which an enzyme works best at

Question 23

What temperature do human enzymes work best at

Answer 23

37 degrees

Question 24

What temperature do plant enzymes work best at

Answer 24

20 - 30 degrees

Question 25

What happens to enzymes if outside of their optimum temperature

Answer 25

The enzymes rate of activity reduces and begins to denature. Above a certain temperature enzymes lose their 3 dimensional shape

Question 26

Define Ph as a factor

Answer 26

Enzymes work over a very narrow ph range. Most enzymes work best between (Ph 6-8)

Question 27

Define a denatured enzyme

Answer 27

A denatured enzyme has lost its shape and can no longer function

Question 27

What is denutration caused by

Answer 27

Denutration is caused by unsuitable temperature and Ph

Question 28

Define immobilised enzymes

Answer 28

Immobilised enzymes are attached or fixed to each other or in an insert material

Question 29

Define bio processing

Answer 29

Bio processing is the use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 30

Define bioreactor

Answer 30

A bioreactor is a vessel or container in which living things or their products are used to make a product

Question 31

Advantages of immobilised enzymes

Answer 31

Cheaper Can be reused Increased stability - less enzymes needed

Question 32

Define heat denutration

Answer 32

The shape of the enzyme is permanently changed and loses its function

Question 33

Uses/Application of immobilised enzymes

Answer 33

Glucose isomerise is used to convert glucose (substrate) into fructose (product) Glucose - Glucose isomerise - Fructose