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Biology > Enzymes (2) > Flashcards

Enzymes (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions

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2
Q

Define a biological catalysts

A

A substance that increases the speed of a reaction without being changed of used up in the process

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3
Q

What are 3 effects of increasing the temperature of an enzyme?

A

It requires a lot of energy
It damages the cell
It speeds up non-useful reactions

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4
Q

What is the average temperature of a human body

A

37-40°C

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5
Q

What happens when the temperature of an enzyme gets too high

A

Enzyme gets denatured

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6
Q

What is another name for an enzyme

A

A biological catalyst

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7
Q

Describe how an enzyme is structured

A

Enzymes are made by living organisms, they are large proteins with long chains of amino acids. The chains are then folded into unique enzymes that catalyse reactions

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8
Q

What do chemical reactions do

A

They break down a substrate or multiple substrates into products

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9
Q

What is starch broken down to

A

Sugars

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10
Q

What breaks down lactose

A

Lactase

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11
Q

What Is the lock and key mechanism

A

It’s when the substrate fits perfectly into the active site

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12
Q

What is an enzyme substrate complex?

A

It is when the substrate fits perfectly into the active site of an enzyme (aka lock and key mechanism)

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13
Q

What substance usually end in -ase (give an example)

A

Enzymes.
Lactase
Amylase

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14
Q

What substance usually end in -ose (give an example)

A

Sugars.
Glucose
Lactose

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15
Q

What are 2 factors that can effect the activity of an enzyme

A

Temperate
pH

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16
Q

Why do high temperatures effect the structure of an enzyme

A

High temperatures start to break the bonds holding the enzyme together. This causes the active site to change and can no longer bind to the substrate as its shape has changed

17
Q

What does pH measure

A

Acidity and alkalinity

18
Q

What happens as pH levels increase

A

the rate of reaction decreases

19
Q

What happens to the bonds when pH levels increase

A

The bonds holding the enzyme together start to break changing the active site of the enzyme making it no longer able to bind with the substrate

20
Q

What process produces energy for cells

A

Cellular respiration

21
Q

What 2 main substances is required to produce ATP

A

Oxygen
Nutrients

22
Q

Name 4 uses of the energy stored in the ATP

A

Contraction of muscles
Active transport of molecules
Building large molecules like proteins
Cell division

23
Q

Where does the process of aerobic respiration happen

A

In the mitochondria

24
Q

Name 3 ways yeast is used commercially

A

Making of wine
Making of beer
Baking bread

25
Q

What alcohol is used to form wine and beer

A

Ethanol

26
Q

______ —> ______ + ______
Use the words carbon dioxide, ethanol and glucose

A

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

27
Q

What gas is used to make bread rise

A

Carbon dioxide

28
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —> lactic acid + ENERGY

29
Q

Which 2 cells can anaerobic respiration happen

A

Yeast cell
Muscle cell

30
Q

In anaerobic respiration more/less respiration is released

A

Less

31
Q

In anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into ____

A

Lactic acid

32
Q

In anaerobic respiration, what is broken down into lactic acid?

A

Glucose

33
Q

The volume of oxygen needed to oxidise lactate is called ___

A

Oxygen debt

34
Q

Which type respiration requires oxygen

A

Aerobic respiration

35
Q

Which type of respiration doesn’t require oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

36
Q

What are the end products of aerobic respiration

A

CO2 and water

37
Q

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration

A

(Ethyl alcohol or lactic acid) and CO2

38
Q

Which type of respiration liberates 2ATP

A

Anaerobic respiration

39
Q

How many ATP is liberated during aerobic respiration

A

38ATP

Biology (3 decks)

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