Enzymes Flashcards
What are the effects of acetylcholinesterase?
Breaks down acetylcholine
What are some examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine
What are MOA of acteylcholinesterase inhibitors?
- Block acetylcholinesterase, resulting in increase ACh levels
- Treat alzheimer’s disease
What is the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?
Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
What are some examples of ACE inhibitors?
Lisinopril and ramipril
What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?
- Inhibit production of angiotensin II, resulting in decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion
- Treat hypertension, HF, and kidney disease
What are the effects of catechol-O-metyhltransferase (COMT)?
Breaks down levodopa
What are some examples of Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors?
Entacapone
What is the MOA of COMT?
- Breaks COMT enzymes to prevent peripheral breakdown of levodopa, resulting in increase duration of action of levodopa
- Treat Parkinson’s disease
What are some examples of COX inhibitors?
NSAIDs
What are the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX)?
Converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (cause inflammation) and thromboxane A2 (causes platelet aggregation)
What is the MOA of COX inhibitors?
- Block COX enzymes to decrease prostaglandins and thromboxane A2
- Treat pain/inflammation and decrease platlet activation/aggregation (aspirin)
What are some examples of MAO inhibitors?
Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, selegilline, and rasgilline
What are the effecs of Phosphodiesterase?
Breaks down cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a smooth muscle relaxant
What are the effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO)?
Breaks down catecholamines
What is the MOA of MAOi?
- Block MAO which increase catecholamine levels
- Treat depression
- If catecholamines increase too much, toxic effects can ocurr, such as hypertensive crisis and Serotonin Syndrome
What are some examples of PDE inhibitors?
Tadalafil and sildenafil
What is the MOA of PDE-5 inhibitors?
- Completely bind to the same active site of cGMP on the PDE-5 enzyme, preventing the breakdown of cGMP and prolonging smooth muscle relaxation
- Treat BPH
What are the effects of Vitamin K epoxide reductase?
Converts vitamin K to the active form required for production of select clotting factors
What are some examples of Vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors?
Warfarin
What is the MOA of Vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors?
- Blocks vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme which decrease production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
- Treat or prevent blood clots
What is the effects of xanthine oxidase?
Breaks down hypoxanthine into xanthine and xanthine into uric acid
What are some examples of Xanthine oxidase inhibitors?
Allopurinol
What is the MOA of xanthine oxidase inhibitor?
- Blocks xanthine oxidase enzyme which decreases uric acid production
- Prevent gout attacks
