Enzymes

Question 1

What are the effects of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 1

Breaks down acetylcholine

Question 2

What are some examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 2

Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine

Question 3

What are MOA of acteylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 3

• Block acetylcholinesterase, resulting in increase ACh levels
• Treat alzheimer’s disease

Question 4

What is the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?

Answer 4

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)

Question 5

What are some examples of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 5

Lisinopril and ramipril

Question 6

What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 6

• Inhibit production of angiotensin II, resulting in decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion
• Treat hypertension, HF, and kidney disease

Question 7

What are the effects of catechol-O-metyhltransferase (COMT)?

Answer 7

Breaks down levodopa

Question 8

What are some examples of Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors?

Answer 8

Entacapone

Question 9

What is the MOA of COMT?

Answer 9

• Breaks COMT enzymes to prevent peripheral breakdown of levodopa, resulting in increase duration of action of levodopa
• Treat Parkinson’s disease

Question 10

What are some examples of COX inhibitors?

Answer 10

NSAIDs

Question 10

What are the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX)?

Answer 10

Converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (cause inflammation) and thromboxane A2 (causes platelet aggregation)

Question 10

What is the MOA of COX inhibitors?

Answer 10

• Block COX enzymes to decrease prostaglandins and thromboxane A2
• Treat pain/inflammation and decrease platlet activation/aggregation (aspirin)

Question 11

What are some examples of MAO inhibitors?

Answer 11

Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, selegilline, and rasgilline

Question 11

What are the effecs of Phosphodiesterase?

Answer 11

Breaks down cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a smooth muscle relaxant

Question 11

What are the effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO)?

Answer 11

Breaks down catecholamines

Question 11

What is the MOA of MAOi?

Answer 11

• Block MAO which increase catecholamine levels
• Treat depression
• If catecholamines increase too much, toxic effects can ocurr, such as hypertensive crisis and Serotonin Syndrome

Question 12

What are some examples of PDE inhibitors?

Answer 12

Tadalafil and sildenafil

Question 13

What is the MOA of PDE-5 inhibitors?

Answer 13

• Completely bind to the same active site of cGMP on the PDE-5 enzyme, preventing the breakdown of cGMP and prolonging smooth muscle relaxation
• Treat BPH

Question 14

What are the effects of Vitamin K epoxide reductase?

Answer 14

Converts vitamin K to the active form required for production of select clotting factors

Question 15

What are some examples of Vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors?

Answer 15

Warfarin

Question 16

What is the MOA of Vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors?

Answer 16

• Blocks vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme which decrease production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
• Treat or prevent blood clots

Question 17

What is the effects of xanthine oxidase?

Answer 17

Breaks down hypoxanthine into xanthine and xanthine into uric acid

Question 18

What are some examples of Xanthine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer 18

Allopurinol

Question 19

What is the MOA of xanthine oxidase inhibitor?

Answer 19

• Blocks xanthine oxidase enzyme which decreases uric acid production
• Prevent gout attacks