enzymes Flashcards
define enzyme
biological catalyst
- globular protein
define metabolism
sum of all the different reactions and reaction pathways happening in a cell/organism
how do enzymes increase rate of reaction?
provides an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy
describe the lock and key mechanism
enzyme = lock
substrate = key
must collide perfectly
when substrate is bound to active site an enzyme-substrate complex is formed
the products of the reaction are then released and it is now an enzyme-product complex
describe the induced fit mechanism
active site slightly changes shape as substrate enters
weak reactions between substrate and enzyme change tertiary structure
strain is put on substrate molecule, weakening bonds
this lowers activation energy
what is an intracellular enzyme?
enzymes that act within cells
example of an intracellular enzyme
catalase
what is an extracellular enzyme?
enzymes released from cells to break down nutrients
examples of an extracellular enzyme
amylase
trypsin
what is an anabolic reaction?
built up
- growth, synthesis
what is a catabolic reaction?
break down
how do enzymes affect function?
processes such as respiration or photosynthesis
how do enzymes affect structure?
they are involved in collagen production
the structure of an enzyme
globular protein: 3D, spherical shape, water soluble due to positioning of hydrophilic R group
has an active site: has a very specific shape where the complimentary substrate binds to
what does amylase do?
partially breaks down starch polymers into maltose
