Enzymes Flashcards
Define the term enzyme
A biological catalyst with roles in metabolic reactions
Describe the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity
Increase in temperature; more kinetic energy; more likely to be a collision between enzyme active site and substrate; increased rate of reaction. If temperature becomes too high, enzyme denatures and shape of active site changes.
What is an enzyme-substrate complex
Enzyme’s active site bond to a substrate.
How does pH affect enzyme activity
If pH moves too low or too high, the enzyme active site will change shape, meaning the substrate will no longer be able to specifically bind into an active site
What is meant by the term ‘optimum’?
The conditions which mean the rate of enzyme activity is highest.
What happens to an enzyme after a reaction at its optimum temperature and pH?
It remains unchanged
Describe what is meant by the term digestion
The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
What is meant by the term absorption?
The movement of products of digestion into the bloodstream
What is meant by the term assimilation?
Incorporation of small soluble digested products into tissues, e.g. amino acids from protein digestion will be used to make new proteins
Which of the following best explains how enzymes aid digestion?
Enzymes break down large, complex food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed.
Describe the role of maltase
Breaks down maltose into glucose.
Describe the role of peptidases
Break down peptides into amino acids.
Describe the role of lipases
Breakdown lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Describe the role of amylase
Breaks down starch into maltose.
Where is amylase found in the human body?
Salivary glands and pancreas
Where is protease found in the human body
Stomach, Pancreas and small intestine
where is Lipase produced?
Pancreas, Mouth and Stomach
Where is maltase found?
In the intestinal wall
