enzymes

Question 1

enzyme

Answer 1

biological catalysts
biological- all living things + proteins
catalysts- speed up reactions without change

Question 2

substrate

Answer 2

SUBSTANCE on which an enzyme ACTS

Question 3

enzyme substrate complex

Answer 3

when a SUBSTRATE is BOUND to the enzymes ACTIVE SITE

Question 4

product

Answer 4

the substance(s) MADE

Question 5

globular protein

Answer 5

roughly SPHERICAL

Question 6

primary structure

Answer 6

sequence of AMINO ACIDS in the chains

Question 7

secondary structure

Answer 7

folded to form ALPHA HELIX and BETA PLEATED SHEETS, held by HYDROGEN bonds

Question 8

tertiary structure

Answer 8

form 3D shape held by HYDROGEN, IONIC, DISULPHIDE and HYDROPHOBIC bonds

Question 9

quaternary structure

Answer 9

how some proteins are made of MORE than ONE POLYPEPTIDE chain

Question 10

active site

Answer 10

a 3 dimensional CLEFT, formed by a few AMINO ACIDS where a SUBSTRATE BINDS

Question 11

specific

Answer 11

only ONE TYPE of SUBSTRATE can bind

Question 12

denaturation

Answer 12

the BREAKING of BONDS changes 3D structure of ENZYME including ACTIVE SITE, so substrate CANT BIND to form its E-S complex

Question 13

collision theory

Answer 13

for molecules to REACT they have to COLLIDE with enough ENERGY to BREAK and FORM bonds

Question 14

activation energy

Answer 14

energy required to START a REACTION

Question 15

lock and key model

Answer 15

lock- ENZYME
key- SUBSTRATE

Question 16

induced fit theory

Answer 16

where CHANGES in the SHAPE of ACTIVE SITE and SUBSTRATE brings REACTIVE groups of enzyme and substrate closer together

Question 17

metabolism

Answer 17

combination of ANABOIC and CATABOLIC reactions, happens in CELLS

Question 18

anabolic

Answer 18

the CONSTRUCTION of molecules from SMALL-LARGE units

Question 19

catabolic

Answer 19

the BREAKING DOWN of molecules from LARGE-SMALL units

Question 20

intracellular

Answer 20

INSIDE the cells

Question 21

extracellular

Answer 21

OUTSIDE the cells

Question 22

what is NON COMPETITIVE inhibition?

Answer 22

the inhibitor has a DIFFERENT shape to substrate and so binds to the enzymes ELSEWHERE to the active site. This DISTORTS the active site and so the substrate can no longer bind to it

Question 23

what is an INHIBITIOR

Answer 23

a substance which SLOWS DOWN/STOPS a reaction by affecting the BINDING of substrate to enzymes

Question 24

what is COMPETITIVE inhibition?

Answer 24

the inhibitor is a SIMILAR shape to the substrate and so COMPETES with it to fit into the active site. It can fit into the active site as it has a COMPLETMENTARY shape. Once it binds it prevents the substrate from doing so.

Question 25

what happens to the LEVEL OF COMPETITIVE INHIBITION when the concentration of substrates INCREASE?

Answer 25

it DECREASES (MORE COMPETITION) and becomes OVERCOME when substrate is in EXCESS

Question 26

what happens to the LEVEL OF NON COMPETITIVE INHIBITION when the concentration of substrates INCREASE?

Answer 26

it is UNEFFECTED because an increase in substrates DOESNT AFFECT the ability to BIND with an enzyme

Question 27

immobilised enzymes

Answer 27

enzymes that have been TRAPPED into an INERT MATRIX or MATERIAL which PREVENTS them from MOVING

Question 28

metabolism

Answer 28

all LIVING THINGS in the BODY

Question 29

catalysts

Answer 29

the LOWERING of ACTIVATION ENERGY

Question 30

metabolic pathways

Answer 30

a SERIES of ENZYME CONTROLLED reactions