enzymes Flashcards
enzyme
biological catalysts
biological- all living things + proteins
catalysts- speed up reactions without change
substrate
SUBSTANCE on which an enzyme ACTS
enzyme substrate complex
when a SUBSTRATE is BOUND to the enzymes ACTIVE SITE
product
the substance(s) MADE
globular protein
roughly SPHERICAL
primary structure
sequence of AMINO ACIDS in the chains
secondary structure
folded to form ALPHA HELIX and BETA PLEATED SHEETS, held by HYDROGEN bonds
tertiary structure
form 3D shape held by HYDROGEN, IONIC, DISULPHIDE and HYDROPHOBIC bonds
quaternary structure
how some proteins are made of MORE than ONE POLYPEPTIDE chain
active site
a 3 dimensional CLEFT, formed by a few AMINO ACIDS where a SUBSTRATE BINDS
specific
only ONE TYPE of SUBSTRATE can bind
denaturation
the BREAKING of BONDS changes 3D structure of ENZYME including ACTIVE SITE, so substrate CANT BIND to form its E-S complex
collision theory
for molecules to REACT they have to COLLIDE with enough ENERGY to BREAK and FORM bonds
activation energy
energy required to START a REACTION
lock and key model
lock- ENZYME
key- SUBSTRATE
induced fit theory
where CHANGES in the SHAPE of ACTIVE SITE and SUBSTRATE brings REACTIVE groups of enzyme and substrate closer together
metabolism
combination of ANABOIC and CATABOLIC reactions, happens in CELLS
anabolic
the CONSTRUCTION of molecules from SMALL-LARGE units
catabolic
the BREAKING DOWN of molecules from LARGE-SMALL units
intracellular
INSIDE the cells
extracellular
OUTSIDE the cells
what is NON COMPETITIVE inhibition?
the inhibitor has a DIFFERENT shape to substrate and so binds to the enzymes ELSEWHERE to the active site. This DISTORTS the active site and so the substrate can no longer bind to it
what is an INHIBITIOR
a substance which SLOWS DOWN/STOPS a reaction by affecting the BINDING of substrate to enzymes
what is COMPETITIVE inhibition?
the inhibitor is a SIMILAR shape to the substrate and so COMPETES with it to fit into the active site. It can fit into the active site as it has a COMPLETMENTARY shape. Once it binds it prevents the substrate from doing so.
