Enzymes

Question 1

Define Catalyst

Answer 1

A catalyst is a substance that can be added to a reaction to increase the reaction rate without getting consumed in the process.

Question 2

Define active site

Answer 2

Active site is the area of the enzyme where the reaction with the substrate takes place.

Question 3

Define Lock and key theory

Answer 3

This model suggests that the substrate fits into the enzymes active site in the same way a key fits into a lock

Question 4

Define Induced fit theory

Answer 4

induced fit theory is a model proposing that the binding of a substrate or some other molecule to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme so as to enhance or inhibit its activity.

Question 5

Define substrate

Answer 5

a substrate is a molecule acted upon by an enzyme. (A substrate is loaded into the active site of the enzyme, or the place that allows weak bonds to be formed between the two molecules)

Question 6

Define Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 6

the enzyme-substrate complex is a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate.

Question 7

Define activation energy

Answer 7

The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Question 8

Define intracellular

Answer 8

INSIDE THE CELL Intracellular refers to anything that occurs within a cell. (often used to describe organelles and other structures that are found within a cell)

Question 9

Define extracellular

Answer 9

OUTSIDE THE CELL
(this space is usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid)

Question 10

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 10

an anabolic reaction is a biochemical reaction that uses energy to combine smaller molecules into larger and more complex molecules
(building up)

Question 11

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 11

A catabolic reaction is a type of metabolic reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones
(breaking down)

Question 12

Define metabolism

Answer 12

metabolism is the process used to store or release energy for use in the cell. (it refers to all of the chemical reactions that take place inside living cells)

Question 13

Define product

Answer 13

A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction involving a substrate and an enzyme.

Question 14

What is the function of amylase? Where is it produced?

Answer 14

• amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars
• it is produced in the mouth (also made in the pancreas and small intestine) and present in salivary glands

Question 15

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 15

• hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules by adding water
• is the opposite of a condensation reaction
• (is basically the addition of water to break a chemical bond)

Question 16

What is hydrolysis used for?

Answer 16

• hydrolysis is used to break down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 17

What are biochemical reactions?

Answer 17

• biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things

Question 18

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic?

Answer 18

• anabolic = building up whereas catabolic = breaking down
• anabolic processes use energy to create large molecules from small ones, while catabolic processes release energy by breaking down large into small
• catabolism is independent of anabolism, but anabolism depends on the energy produced by catabolism

Question 19

What are anabolic processes and catabolic processes used in?

Answer 19

• anabolic processes are involved in muscle growth, tissue repair, and storage of energy (ATP)
• catabolic processes are involved in weight loss, digestion and release of energy