Enzymes Flashcards
the nucleic acids which behave like enzymes are called
ribozymes
an _______ ______ of an enzyme is the crevice or pocket into which the substrate fits
active site
difference between inorganic catalysts and enzymes
inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures but enzymes get damaged above 40 degree C
enzymes isolated from organisms who normally live under extremely high temperatures (example; ______ and ______) are stable and retain their catalytic power even at high temperatures (example; ____ , _____)
hot vents and sulphur springs
80 to 90 degree C
_____ _____ is an important quality of such enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms
thermal stability
hydrolysis of starch into ____ is an organic chemical reaction
glucose
rates of physical and chemical processes are influenced by ______ among other factors
temperature
a general rule of thumb is that rate doubles or decreases by half for every _____ change in either direction
10 degree C
in the reaction of carbion dioxide and water forming carbonic acid, the enzyme used is
carbonic anhydrase
reaction of formation of carbonic acid without the enzyme forms _____ molecules in ______ minutes
200
60
reaction of formation of carbonic acid with the enzyme forms _____ molecules in _____ seconds
6,00,000
1
with carbonic anhydrase, the rate of reaction increases by _____ times
10 million
example of metabolic pathway
glucose to pyruvic acid
in our skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions ___ is formed
lactic acid
in our skeletal muscle under normal aerobic conditions, ___ is formed
pyruvic acid
in yeast, during fermentation, ____ is formed
ethanol
during the state where substrate is bound to the enzyme’s active site, a new structure of the substrate is formed called
transition state structure
if potential energy of product is lesser than potential energy of its substrate, then the type of reaction is
exothermic
do exothermic reactions need energy to form the product
no
factors affecting enzyme activity are
temperature
ph
change in substrate concentration
binding of specific chemicals that regulate its activity
low temperature preserves the enzymes in a _____ ______ state
temporarily inactive
high temperature destroys the enzymatic activity because
proteins are denatured by heat
when the binding of the chemical shuts off enzyme activity, the process is called _____ and the chemical is called an ______
inhibition
inhibitor
when the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as
competitive inhibitor
