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A level Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Beta galactosidase

A

Breaks down lactose into beta galactose and glucose

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2
Q

Adenylyl cyclase

A

Converts ATP to cAMP (the second messenger)

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3
Q

DNA Helicase

A

Unwinds and unzips the double helix

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4
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Forms phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

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5
Q

Primase

A

Adds RNA primer

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6
Q

Exonuclease

A

Gets rid of RNA

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7
Q

DNA ligase

A

Seals up the double helix

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8
Q

Protease

A

Breaks down protein (in DNA purification)

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9
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

Converts carbone dioxide and water to carbonic acid (in the blood)

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10
Q

Thrombin

A

Converts fibrinogen into fibrin (insoluble so traps blood cells)

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11
Q

Lysozymes

A

Break down pathogens etc.

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12
Q

Catalase

A

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

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13
Q

Alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Oxidises ethanol to ethanal and then to ethanoic acid (can be used in respiration with CoA)

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14
Q

Phosphorylase

A

Causes a aquaporins to move towards the membrane of the collecting duct

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15
Q

AChE (Acetyl cholinesterase)

A

In the synaptic cleft, hydrolyses ACh into Ethanoic acid and choline (to stop the action potential)

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16
Q

Glycogen synthetase

A

Causes glycogenesis (making it glycogen from glucose)

17
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase

A

Breaks down glycogen to glucose

18
Q

Tyrosine kinase/ protein kinase

A

Phosphorylases inactive enzymes to activate them

19
Q

Expansins

A

Cell wall loosening enzymes (causes growth by elongation)

20
Q

Rubisco

A

Catalyses carbon dioxide + RuBp to 2GP (light independent stage of photosynthesis)

21
Q

Dehydrogenases

A

Catalyse redox reactions

22
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase

A

Pyruvate -> ethanal-> ethanol
Anaerobic respiration in yeast

23
Q

Pyruvate decarboxylase

A

Pyruvate -> lactate
Anaerobic respiration in muscles

24
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Transcription

25
Q

HDACs (histone deacetylases)

A

Remove acetyl groups from histones (inhibits transcription)

26
Q

HATs (Histone Acetyl Transferase)

A

Add Acetyl groups to histones (promote transcription)

27
Q

Lactose permease

A

Allows more lactose to enter through the plasma membrane

28
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

Produces complementary DNA from a sample of mRNA

29
Q

Luciferase

A

Converts Luciferin to oxyLuciferin which produces light

30
Q

Restriction enzymes

A

Cut DNA at palindromic DNA

31
Q

Glucose isomerase

A

Converts glucose to fructose

32
Q

Penicillin amylase

A

Makes amoxicillin and ampicillin as penicillin alternatives for those allergic

33
Q

Lactase

A

Hydrolyses down lactose for lactose free milk so lactose intolerant people can digest it

34
Q

Glucoamylase

A

Starch to glucose
Pulp to gasohol (alternative fuels)

35
Q

Nitrile hydratase

A

Nitrile -> amides

36
Q

Peptidyl transferase

A

Forms peptide bonds between amino acids in the ribosome in translations

A level Biology (7 decks)

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