Enzymes

Question 1

Difference between lock & key model and Induced fit model:

Answer 1

The lock and key model states that the active site of an enzyme precisely fits a specific substrate. The induced fit model states that the active site of an enzyme will undergo there is a conformational change / change inn shape when binding a substrate, to improve the fit.

Question 2

Similarity between lock & key model and Induced fit model:

Answer 2

Both models describe an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. They explain substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme.

Question 3

Lipase

Answer 3

Breaks down lipids

Question 4

Catalase

Question 5

Chemical Indicator

Answer 5

Changes color based on PH (alkaline: pink, acidic: colorless)

Question 6

Catabolic

Answer 6

Larger molecules are separated to form smaller molecules.

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

Question 8

Condensation

Answer 8

A reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule.

Question 9

Anabolic

Answer 9

A reaction that synthesizes larger molecules from smaller constituent parts, using ATP as the energy source for these reactions.

Question 10

Enzyme + Substrate –> Enzyme substrate complex

Answer 10

–> Enzyme + Product - enzyme is not consumed nor changed in the process

Question 11

Factors affecting rate of reaction

Question 12

Collision Theory Criteria

Answer 12

1) Reactants (including enzymes and substrates) collides (active site - enzyme catalized)
2) Collision should happen in the correct orientation specifically the substrate should bind on active site of the enzyme.
3) Minimum energy requirement for the enzyme reaction must be met.

Question 13

Endothermic Reaction

Answer 13

Energy of products is higher than energy of the reactions because the products absorb the energy.

Question 14

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 14

Energy of reactants is higher than energy of the products.

Question 15

Reaction Rate - Amount of Product

Answer 15

Overtime the amount of product increases and then plateaus because there is a decrease no more reactants left to create the products.

Question 16

Reaction Rate - Amount of Product

Answer 16

Overtime the amount of reactant decreases and then plateaus because the reactants are all used to create the products.

Question 17

Slope of the reaction rate

Answer 17

As the reaction progresses, the concentration of product increases and then plateaus. This leads to lower frequency of collision with the correct orientation and sufficient energy. Thus, rate increases as reactions progress - lowest at the beginning and highest at the end.

Question 18

Slope of the reaction - reactants

Answer 18

As the reaction progresses, the concentration of reactants decreases. This leads to lower frequency of collision with the correct orientation and sufficient energy. Thus, rate decreases as reactions progress - highest at the beginning and lowest at the end.

Question 19

Rate

Answer 19

Change in amount of reactants over time (/[reactant]/time) resulting in a negative value as the reactants are consumed in the reaction. Change in amount of products over time (/[product]/time).

Question 20

Temperature and its effects on the rate of reactions

Answer 20

Changing temperature changes the average kinetic energy of the particles hence changing the speed of the particles changes the frequency of collisions hence changes the probability of successful collisions where the substrate collides to the active site of the enzymes which effects the reaction rate. If the temperature increases the rate of reactions increases because the reaction rate is higher.

Question 21

Denaturing of enzymes

Answer 21

The enzyme changes in shape because the links of reactant’s bond are broken when the optimal temperature is not met hence changing the shape of the enzyme which means the change in shape of the active site of the enzyme. This results in the decline in the rate of reaction because the substrate doesn’t to fit in the active site which changed in shape.

Question 22

Concentration and its effects on the rate of reactants.

Answer 22

Changing concentration, changes the number of particles within a specified space, changing the frequency of collisions. This also results in the change in the probability of successful collisions affecting the reaction rate.

Question 23

Concentration example

Answer 23

The rate of reaction plateaus over time because the active sites of enzymes present are occupied hence not every substrate is able to react to create the product - check

Question 24

[s]

Answer 24

Brackets signify the amount or concentration.

Question 25

Surface Area

Answer 25

Changing surface area alters the number of particles exposed. This results in changes in the frequency of collisions. changes the probability of successful collisions → changes reaction rate

Question 26

pH level and its effects on the rate of reaction

Answer 26

The bonds are altered by pH level, which changes the shape of the active site of the enzyme; thus, if the optimal pH level is not met the enzyme denatures.