Enzymes

Question 1

Hexokinase II

Answer 1

regulated by Myc
inductor of switch to glycolysis

Question 2

Myc regulates …

Answer 2

Hexokinase II
GAPDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
Enolase-1
Pyruvate kinase

Question 3

PGM

Answer 3

regulated/suppressed by p53
Catalyzes glycolytic step

Question 4

FLIP

Answer 4

anti-apoptotic protein

Question 5

extrinsic cell death inhibition

Answer 5

loss of caspase 8
overexpression FLIP
excessive IAP signaling

Question 6

important for MDR function

Answer 6

glycosylation (folding)

Question 7

drug inhibiting transcription of MDR transporters

Answer 7

polypeptide transcriptional repressor
(+siRNAs)

Question 8

glycolysis inhibitors

Answer 8

2-deoxyglucose
3-bromopyruvate
DCA
Somatostatin
somatostatin derivate TT-232
siRNA targeting LDH

Question 9

drug resistance mechanism
specific and unspecific

Answer 9

specific:
alterations in metabolism, DDR, mutations, alternative signaling pathways

unspecific:
drug efflux, cell death inhibition, epigenetics, EMT

Question 10

therapeutic strategies reducingMDR transporter expression

Answer 10

polypeptide transcriptional repressor
siRNAs
ribozymes
glycosylation inhibitor

Question 11

TCA intermediates for epigenetics and glucose metabolism

Answer 11

Citrate: Acteyl-CoA, substrate for HATs

alpha-KG: cofactor for histone/DNA demathylation

Methionine

ATP/AMP ratio low activates AMPK –> phosphorylation of histones

also in Epig. and Gllucose = Sirtuins and GlnAc

Question 12

FIP200

Answer 12

part of ULK1 complex
essential for autophagy initiation
inhibited by mTORC1

Question 13

factors for ECM remodelling in tumor-associated stroma

Answer 13

IL1b, Wnt and TGF-beta –> CAF subsets

• Rho-ROCK: collagen rearrangement
• Caveolin-1: activates Rho-Rock
• YAP&TAZ: mechanical stimuli cause translocation –> promote motility & proliferation

Question 14

PDCD4

Answer 14

anti-apoptotic protein
inhibited through miR-21 androgen regulated)