Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

How could you increase the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction with a reversible inhibitor present?

A

Increase the substrate concentration

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2
Q

State what energy is increased when temperature increases.

A

Kinetic

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3
Q

Explain the outcome of increasing the substrate concentration on an enzyme controlled reaction.

A

Beacuse there is more susbtrate
Then there are more successful collisions between enzyme and substrate, so more enzyme substrate complexes form,
therefore increasing the rate of reaction.

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4
Q

Active site is a part of an enzyme that is

A

specific and complementary in shape and charge to the substrate.

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5
Q

A substrate is the

A

reactant in an enzyme reaction.

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6
Q

The induced fit enzyme theory is the idea that ..

A

enzyme and substrate mould together

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7
Q

The lock and key enzyme theory is the idea that ?

A

enzyme and substrate fit together in a rigid manner

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8
Q

Non-competitive inhibitors ?

A

Chemicals that bind to an allosteric site and change the 3D shape of an enzyme’s active site so it no longer functions.

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9
Q

Products in a reaction are …

A

The resultant chemicals produced by an enzyme reaction from the initial substrate.

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10
Q

The enzyme substrate complex is when ?

A

Enzyme bound to substrate following a successful collision.

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11
Q

Competitive inhibitors are . ..

A

Chemicals that are complementary in terms of shape and charge to the enzyme active site.
They occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction as less enzyme-substrate complexes form

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12
Q

If an enzyme has denatured it has changed the ?

A

3D shape of an enzyme, changing the shape of the active site, so it is no longer complementary and specific to substrate

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13
Q

Anabolic reactions are ?

A

Reactions that build chemicals - also called synthesis reactions e.g. photosynthesis

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14
Q

Catabolic reactions are ..

A

Reactions that break chemicals down - also called decomposition reactions e.g.aerobic adn anaerobic cellular respiration

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15
Q

Endergonic reactions are?

A

Energy-requiring reactions - link to anabolic reactions

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16
Q

Exergonic reactions are?

A

Energy-releasing reactions - link to catabolic reactions

17
Q

Activation energy is ..

A

The energy required to make a reaction begin.

18
Q

An enzyme is …

A

is a protein, and biological catalyst, that lowers the activation energy of reactions.

19
Q

Competitive inhibitors are chemicals that

A

occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction

20
Q

If an enzyme is inactive then

A

it has low kinetic energy but has not changed tertiary structure or 3D shape of the active site

21
Q

In what conditions do enzymes denature?

A

High and low pH and high termperatures

22
Q

Name the factors that affect enzyme reaction rate

A

pH
Temperature
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
Competitive inhibitors
Non-Competitive inhibitors

23
Q

Which type of inhibitor competes for the active site against the substrate?

A

competitive inhibitor

24
Q

State four key terms to include when addressing enzyme questions

A

active site
3D shape
Specific and complementary
Enzyme substrate complexes

25
Q

Explain what determines the structure of the active site

A

Because the protein is made from a sequence of amino acids, primary structure, then the R groups from these determine the bonds that will form. Therefore leading to the overall 3D structure, including the active site.

26
Q

Metabolism is …

A

Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.

27
Q

A reaction where there is more energy in the products than reactants is classified as ..

A

Synthesis/anabolic/endergonic

28
Q

A reaction where there is more energy in the reactants than products is classified as ..

A

decomposition/catabolic/exergonic

29
Q

State four key terms to include when explaining an enzyme reaction rate and temperature graph

A

Optimum
Denature
inactive
kinetcis energy = successful collisions

30
Q

Draw a 3 part diagram to show an enzyme reaction

A
31
Q

Draw a 3 part diagram to show the effect of a competitive inhibitor on an enzyme reaction

A
32
Q

Draw a diagram to show the impact of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme active site

A
33
Q

Name point X

A

Saturation point

34
Q

Explain why the reaction rate plateaus after point X

A

Because all enzyme active sites are occupied with subtrate
Then the maximum number of enzyme substrate complexes are already forming each second
Then the reaction rate platues and cannot increase regardless of an increase in substrate.