enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

what an enzyme do in a reaction?

A

low the activation energy

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2
Q

what are the six mains groups of enzymes

A
oxidoreductase
transferase
hydrolase
lyase
isomerase
liagase
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3
Q

what an oxidoreductase do

A

catalyze oxidation or reduction of substrate

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4
Q

what the enzyme transferase do

A

Catalyze a shift of a chemical group from a donor to

acceptor substrate

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5
Q

what the enzyme hydrolase do

A

Catalyze the hydrolysis (with help of water) of substrates

i.e.breaking of bonds

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6
Q

which is the most important enzyme

A

hydrolase

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7
Q

what the enzyme lyase do

A

Catalyze the removal or addition of chemical groups to substrates

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8
Q

what the enzyme isomerase do

A

Catalyze intramolecular rearrangements

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9
Q

what the enzyme ligase do

A

catalyze combinations of substrates

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10
Q

Glycoside hydrolase is a type of hydrolase. What is some enzymes that hydrolyze starch

A

alpha amylase, beta amylase, glucoamylase, pullulunase

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11
Q

what is the enzyme invertase and lactase?

A

invertase: An enzyme that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose in sucrose
lactase: An enzyme that hydrolyses the glycosidic bond between galactose and glucose in lactose

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12
Q

Pectinase is another example of hydrolase what does this enzyme do

A

occurs in fruits and veg, and it is responsible for the degradation of pectic substances

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13
Q

what are examples of proteases

A

papain (meat tenderizer)
trypsin and chymotrypsin
pepsin
chymosin (rennin)

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14
Q

which enzyme is this

Enzymes that all hydrolyze ester bonds between fattyacids and a
glycerol molecule

A

lipase

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15
Q

what are the 2 classes of lipase

A

1,3 lipase and 2-lipase

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16
Q

what are the impact of lipase on food

A
  • hydrolytic rancidity

- they modify the porperties of lipids

17
Q

what is glucose isomerase

A

is an exmple of isomerase. They catalyzes isomeric rearrangement of glucose to fructose

18
Q

gives examples of oxidoreductase

A

lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase

19
Q

describe lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase

A

lipoxygenase: specific fot oxidation of fatty acids. They play a role in bleaching of wheat. Its ction can be delayed by sing antioxidants

polyphenol oxidase : catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic compounds in the presence of O2 to give quinones which polymerize into melanin pigments

20
Q

what is alpha benzoquinone

A

gives the undersirable browning of apples, banans, shrimp etc