ENZYMES Flashcards
Define metabolism.
All the reactions that take place in the body.
What does metabolism rely upon?
Enzyme controlled reactions.
If we used high temperatures to speed up the rate of reaction what would happen?
Melt lipids- cell membrane made out of phospholipids thus damaging the cell.
Denatures the proteins- Loses their shape and can’t function properly.
How do we speed up reactions in our bodies?
By using a catalyst.
Define a catalyst.
Chemical that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up.
What are the biological catalysts for metabolic reactions?
Enzymes
Define the turnover number.
The number of substrates an enzyme can catalyse in 1 minute.
Explain the lock and key theory.
In an enzyme, there is an area in which it has a shape complementary to the shape of a specific substrate molecule, which is known as an active site. The substrate now binds to the corresponding active site and knoe forms an enzyme substrate complex. They now react and a product is now formed (enzyme product complex). The product is then released and is used to take part in other reactions.
Explain the induced fit hypothesis.
It is the idea that the active site of an enzyme changes shape slightly as the substrate enters. The active site moulds itself tightly around the substrate and the bonds that the substrate forms help to catalyse the reaction.
Give an example of an intracellular enzyme.
Catalase.
Describe how catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
It binds to H2O2 and speeds up its breakdown to the harmless molecules H2O and O2.
Give 2 examples of extracellular enzymes.
Amylase and trypsin.
Describe how amylase breaks down starch.
Amylase is produced in the pancreas and released into the small intestine where it catalyses the break down of starch molecules into the disaccharide maltose.
Describe how trypsin breaks down protein molecules.
Trypsin is produced by the pancreas and released into the dige
