Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Enzymes are catalysts whiling are substances that speed up a reaction without being consumed

Enzymes are proteins and are reusable

They are not part of the final product or permanently changed in a reaction

The work in low and speed up the reaction

Question 2

Explain “induced fit” model

Answer 2

The substrate active shape don’t have a precise match

The enzyme will undergo a slight conformation al change when they bind together to get a tighter grip on the substrate

Question 3

Explain “lock and key” model

Answer 3

The original model

The enzyme and substrate meet during the reaction and fit perfectly from the very beginning

Question 4

Activation energy

Answer 4

Enzymes operate by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

Is the energy that is required to break down chemical bonds and start a chemical reaction

They do this by being the substrate molecule together and by holding them long enough for a reaction to take place

Question 5

Apoenzyme

Answer 5

An inactive protein that’s gives enzymes specificity

Question 6

Coenzyme

Answer 6

A non protein group

When it binds the the active site of the apoprotein, the enzyme becomes active and substrate will now fit into the active site

Question 7

Substrate

Answer 7

The reactants in an enzymes reaction

The thing that binds on the enzyme

Question 8

What’re the the two classes of inhibitors and what do they do

Answer 8

Competitive: a molecule that looks like a normal substrate and competes for the active site; they will slow down the reaction rate because it blocks the substrate from entering the active sit on the enzyme ; the inhibitor binding on the active site may be reversible or irreversible

Non-competitive: a inhibitor that binds to another place called the allosteric site on the enzyme-> not the active site; could look completely different from the substrate; when binds to the enzyme, it changes the shoe of the active site so the substrate can’t bind; may be reversible or irreversible

Question 9

Inhibitors

Answer 9

An inhibitor is a molecule that can bind to an enzyme and inhibit the reaction
- prevents ur reduces the rate of substrate binding to the enzyme

Question 10

Enzyme concentration

Answer 10

The more enzymes add the more product you get

Question 11

Substrate concentration

Answer 11

-after a certain [] the rate wont increase anymore as all of the enzymes are saturated with substrate they can’t with any faster

Question 12

Temperature

Answer 12

• decreasing the temperature will slow the rate of reaction. The lower the temperature the lower the rate reaction
• increasing the temperatures up to a certain point increases enzymatic activity
• temperatures too high will denature the enzyme

Question 13

PH

Answer 13

• Most enzymes prefer a ph of 6
• pepsin in the stomach is an exception which contains a ph of 2
• if the ph is too high or to low the enzyme will denature and be unable to form an enzyme substrate complex

Question 14

What are the 5 primary factors that can affect the enzymatic activity

Answer 14

1. Ph
2. Temperature
3. Substrate concentration
4. Enzyme concentration
5. Inhibitors

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

Refers to all chemical reactions within a cell.

Chemical reactions maintain homeostasis

All reaction in body are mediated by one or more enzymes which are called enzyme mediated reactions