enzymes

Question 1

what are the four factors that affect chemical reactions?

Answer 1

temperature, surface area, concentration, and use of catalyst

Question 2

what does increasing temperature do to a chemical reaction?

Answer 2

increases reaction rate, due to the number of successful collisions between reactants

Question 3

what does increasing surface area do to a chemical reaction?

Answer 3

increases the amount of reactant that can react

Question 4

what does increasing concentration of a solution do to a chemical reaction?

Answer 4

increases the amount of reactant that can react to produce a product

Question 5

what does the use of catalyst do to a chemical reaction?

Answer 5

lowers the activation energy of the reaction

Question 6

what is the barrier to spontaneous chemical reactions called?

Answer 6

activation energy, energy of activation (Ea)

Question 7

what are catalysts used for?

Answer 7

to speed up chemical reactions

Question 8

how do catalysts work?

Answer 8

by lowering the Ea

Question 9

what energy is increased by temperature in molecules?

Answer 9

kinetic energy

Question 10

how does kinetic energy effect the molecule?

Answer 10

increases speed or reaction (it speeds up the number of successful collisions between reactants)

Question 11

what are the two main reasons why you can’t add temperature to cells to start chemical reactions?

Answer 11

denaturation of proteins, too inconvenient

Question 12

how can you overcome Ea in a living organism?

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

what are enzymes?

Answer 13

biological catalysts

Question 14

what are enzymes used for?

Answer 14

to speed up chemical reactions by lowering Ea

Question 15

T or F: enzymes are used up during the chemical reaction

Answer 15

FALSE; they are “recycled” concentration before reaction=concentration after reaction

Question 16

what rate of reaction would a non-catalyzed/no enzyme be?

Answer 16

slow

Question 17

why does a non-catalyzed/no enzyme have a slow reaction rate?

Answer 17

higher energy of activation is needed to activate reactants

Question 18

what rate of reaction would a catalyzed/with enzyme be?

Answer 18

fast

Question 19

why does a catalyzed/with enzyme have a fast reaction rate?

Answer 19

lower energy of activation is needed to activate reactants

Question 20

what do all enzyme names end with?

Answer 20

ase

Question 21

what is the substrate to the enzyme sucrase?

Answer 21

sucrose

Question 22

what is the substrate to the enzyme lipase?

Answer 22

lipids

Question 23

what is the substrate to the enzyme helices?

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

what is the substrate to the enzyme peptidase?

Answer 24

polypeptides (proteins)

Question 25

what is the substrate to the enzyme ATPase?

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

many enzymes require what three things to function?

Answer 26

inorganic and organic ions, and a non-protein molecule

Question 27

what are the ions or molecules in an enzyme called?

Answer 27

co-factors

Question 28

what are the co-factors needed for?

Answer 28

to form a part of the active site

Question 29

what metals do the co-factors include?

Answer 29

copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, selenium, etc.

Question 30

what are the organic, non-protein factors called?

Answer 30

coenzymes

Question 31

what vitamins are part of the coenzymes molecular structure?

Answer 31

riboflavin and niacin

Question 32

what is your metabolism?

Answer 32

all the chemical reactions that occur in your body

Question 33

what chemical reactions are part of a metabolic pathway?

Answer 33

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 34

what do metabolic pathways start and end with?

Answer 34

start with a particular reactant and terminate at the end

Question 35

T or F: enzymes have a specific shape

Answer 35

TRUE; enzymes have a specific shape which allows the substrate to fit (lock and key theory)

Question 36

what is the site of attachment on the enzyme called?

Answer 36

active site

Question 37

what two reactions can enzymes work in?

Answer 37

hydrolysis and synthesis

Question 38

why do some active sites undergo slight changes in shape?

Answer 38

to accommodate a substrate