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BIO U5 enzymes > enzymes > Flashcards

enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the four factors that affect chemical reactions?

A

temperature, surface area, concentration, and use of catalyst

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2
Q

what does increasing temperature do to a chemical reaction?

A

increases reaction rate, due to the number of successful collisions between reactants

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3
Q

what does increasing surface area do to a chemical reaction?

A

increases the amount of reactant that can react

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4
Q

what does increasing concentration of a solution do to a chemical reaction?

A

increases the amount of reactant that can react to produce a product

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5
Q

what does the use of catalyst do to a chemical reaction?

A

lowers the activation energy of the reaction

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6
Q

what is the barrier to spontaneous chemical reactions called?

A

activation energy, energy of activation (Ea)

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7
Q

what are catalysts used for?

A

to speed up chemical reactions

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8
Q

how do catalysts work?

A

by lowering the Ea

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9
Q

what energy is increased by temperature in molecules?

A

kinetic energy

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10
Q

how does kinetic energy effect the molecule?

A

increases speed or reaction (it speeds up the number of successful collisions between reactants)

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11
Q

what are the two main reasons why you can’t add temperature to cells to start chemical reactions?

A

denaturation of proteins, too inconvenient

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12
Q

how can you overcome Ea in a living organism?

A

enzymes

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13
Q

what are enzymes?

A

biological catalysts

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14
Q

what are enzymes used for?

A

to speed up chemical reactions by lowering Ea

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15
Q

T or F: enzymes are used up during the chemical reaction

A

FALSE; they are “recycled” concentration before reaction=concentration after reaction

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16
Q

what rate of reaction would a non-catalyzed/no enzyme be?

A

slow

17
Q

why does a non-catalyzed/no enzyme have a slow reaction rate?

A

higher energy of activation is needed to activate reactants

18
Q

what rate of reaction would a catalyzed/with enzyme be?

A

fast

19
Q

why does a catalyzed/with enzyme have a fast reaction rate?

A

lower energy of activation is needed to activate reactants

20
Q

what do all enzyme names end with?

A

ase

21
Q

what is the substrate to the enzyme sucrase?

A

sucrose

22
Q

what is the substrate to the enzyme lipase?

A

lipids

23
Q

what is the substrate to the enzyme helices?

A

DNA

24
Q

what is the substrate to the enzyme peptidase?

A

polypeptides (proteins)

25
Q

what is the substrate to the enzyme ATPase?

A

ATP

26
Q

many enzymes require what three things to function?

A

inorganic and organic ions, and a non-protein molecule

27
Q

what are the ions or molecules in an enzyme called?

A

co-factors

28
Q

what are the co-factors needed for?

A

to form a part of the active site

29
Q

what metals do the co-factors include?

A

copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, selenium, etc.

30
Q

what are the organic, non-protein factors called?

A

coenzymes

31
Q

what vitamins are part of the coenzymes molecular structure?

A

riboflavin and niacin

32
Q

what is your metabolism?

A

all the chemical reactions that occur in your body

33
Q

what chemical reactions are part of a metabolic pathway?

A

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

34
Q

what do metabolic pathways start and end with?

A

start with a particular reactant and terminate at the end

35
Q

T or F: enzymes have a specific shape

A

TRUE; enzymes have a specific shape which allows the substrate to fit (lock and key theory)

36
Q

what is the site of attachment on the enzyme called?

A

active site

37
Q

what two reactions can enzymes work in?

A

hydrolysis and synthesis

38
Q

why do some active sites undergo slight changes in shape?

A

to accommodate a substrate

BIO U5 enzymes (1 decks)

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